1Division of Neurosciences Critical Care and Cardiac Surgery, Departments of Neurology, Surgery, Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
2Division of Neurocritical Care, Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
3Griffith University School of Medicine, Queensland, Australia
4Critical Care Research Group, The Prince Charles Hospital, Queensland, Australia
Copyright © 2023 The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
FUNDING
SMC was supported by National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1K23HL157610). AMG was supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (5K23NS121628).
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
None.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: SK, SMC. Funding acquisition: SMC. Writing–original draft: all authors. Writing–review & editing: all authors.
ECMO: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; ABI: acute brain injury; CNS: central nervous system, GCS: Glasgow Coma Scale; TBI: traumatic brain injury; AIS: acute ischemic stroke; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; NfL: neurofilament light chain; CT: computed tomography; NSE: neuron-specific enolase; mt-DNA: mitochondrial DNA; miRNA: micro-RNA; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; CfDNA: cell-free DNA; OSM: Oncostatin M; IL: interleukin; VV: venovenous.