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From articles published in Acute and Critical Care during the past two years (2022 ~ ).

Guideline
Pharmacology
2021 KSCCM clinical practice guidelines for pain, agitation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disturbance in the intensive care unit
Yijun Seo, Hak-Jae Lee, Eun Jin Ha, Tae Sun Ha
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(1):1-25.   Published online February 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00094
Correction in: Acute Crit Care 2023;38(1):149
  • 24,498 View
  • 2,152 Download
  • 25 Web of Science
  • 32 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
We revised and expanded the “2010 Guideline for the Use of Sedatives and Analgesics in the Adult Intensive Care Unit (ICU).” We revised the 2010 Guideline based mainly on the 2018 “Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption (PADIS) in Adult Patients in the ICU,” which was an updated 2013 pain, agitation, and delirium guideline with the inclusion of two additional topics (rehabilitation/mobility and sleep). Since it was not possible to hold face-to-face meetings of panels due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, all discussions took place via virtual conference platforms and e-mail with the participation of all panelists. All authors drafted the recommendations, and all panelists discussed and revised the recommendations several times. The quality of evidence for each recommendation was classified as high (level A), moderate (level B), or low/very low (level C), and all panelists voted on the quality level of each recommendation. The participating panelists had no conflicts of interest on related topics. The development of this guideline was independent of any industry funding. The Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility (rehabilitation/mobilization), and Sleep Disturbance panels issued 42 recommendations (level A, 6; level B, 18; and level C, 18). The 2021 clinical practice guideline provides up-to-date information on how to prevent and manage pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disturbance in adult ICU patients. We believe that these guidelines can provide an integrated method for clinicians to manage PADIS in adult ICU patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Xinyu Ma, Huanyu Cheng, Yarui Zhao, Yun Zhu
    Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2025; 86: 103834.     CrossRef
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  • Sleep in the intensive and intermediate care units: Exploring related factors of delirium, benzodiazepine use and mortality
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    International Journal of Nursing Sciences.2024; 11(1): 113.     CrossRef
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    Psikhiatriya.2024; 21(7): 65.     CrossRef
  • Liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients: Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines
    Tae Sun Ha, Dong Kyu Oh, Hak-Jae Lee, Youjin Chang, In Seok Jeong, Yun Su Sim, Suk-Kyung Hong, Sunghoon Park, Gee Young Suh, So Young Park
    Acute and Critical Care.2024; 39(1): 1.     CrossRef
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    Jeong-Ok Ryu, Gwi-Ryung Son Hong
    Journal of Korean Gerontological Nursing.2024; 26(1): 113.     CrossRef
  • Factors that influence critical care nurses’ management of sedation for ventilated patients in critical care: A qualitative study
    Danielle Macpherson, Anastasia Hutchinson, Melissa J. Bloomer
    Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2024; 83: 103685.     CrossRef
  • Content analysis of NOC outcomes related to mechanical ventilation in people with COVID-19
    Erika Silva de Sá, Aline Batista Maurício, Larissa Giardini Bruni, Larissa Gabrielle Dias Vieira, Vinicius Batista Santos, Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer Cavalcante, Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de Barros, Viviane Martins da Silva
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    Erika Silva de Sá, Aline Batista Maurício, Larissa Giardini Bruni, Larissa Gabrielle Dias Vieira, Vinicius Batista Santos, Agueda Maria Ruiz Zimmer Cavalcante, Alba Lucia Bottura Leite de Barros, Viviane Martins da Silva
    Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • From the Intensive Care Unit to Recovery: Managing Post-intensive Care Syndrome in Critically Ill Patients
    Mfonido Ekong, Tejbir Singh Monga, Jean Carlo Daher, Mutyala Sashank, Setareh Reza Soltani, Nkiruka Lauretta Nwangene, Cara Mohammed, Fellipe Feijo Halfeld, Leen AlShelh, Fernanda Ayumi Fukuya, Manju Rai
    Cureus.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • A multicentre point prevalence study of nocturnal hours awake and enteral pharmacological sleep aids in patients admitted to Australian and New Zealand intensive care units
    Laurie Showler, Adam M. Deane, Edward Litton, Melissa J. Ankravs, Bradley Wibrow, Deborah Barge, Jeremy Goldin, Naomi Hammond, Manoj K. Saxena, Paul J. Young, Bala Venkatesh, Mark Finnis, Yasmine Ali Abdelhamid
    Critical Care and Resuscitation.2024; 26(3): 192.     CrossRef
  • Nociception level index variations in ICU: curarized vs non-curarized patients — a pilot study
    Emilio Bonvecchio, Davide Vailati, Federica Della Mura, Giovanni Marino
    Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sedation and analgesia in the trauma intensive care unit of Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital – the effect of anti-retroviral therapy: A retrospective chart analysis
    O. G. Mngoma, T. C. Hardcastle, K. De Vasconcellos
    European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Translation, cultural debugging, and validation of the Chinese version of the Sour Seven Questionnaire: a cross-sectional study
    Shichao Zhu, Shiqing Liu, Liming Li, Huanmin Xing, Ming Xia, Guangyan Dong
    Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Liberation from Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Patients: Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine Clinical Practice Guidelines
    Tae Sun Ha, Dong Kyu Oh, Hak-Jae Lee, Youjin Chang, In Seok Jeong, Yun Su Sim, Suk-Kyung Hong, Sunghoon Park, Gee Young Suh, So Young Park
    Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases.2024; 87(4): 415.     CrossRef
  • The effect of an open‐heart surgery patient care protocol on post‐sternotomy pain, anxiety and quality of care: A randomized controlled trial
    Necibe Dağcan Şahin, Gülşah Gürol Arslan
    Nursing in Critical Care.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Comparing the Validity of CAM-ICU and CAM-ICU-7 for Delirium Assessment based on Simulation
    Jiyeon Kang, Young Min Bae
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2024; 17(3): 99.     CrossRef
  • The efficacy of P0.1-guided sedation protocol in critically ill patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation: A randomized controlled trial
    Natdanai Ketdao, Tanuwong Viarasilpa
    Clinical Critical Care.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • End‐of‐life care in the intensive care unit
    M. Tanaka Gutiez, N. Efstathiou, R. Innes, V. Metaxa
    Anaesthesia.2023; 78(5): 636.     CrossRef
  • The Profile of Early Sedation Depth and Clinical Outcomes of Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Korea
    Dong-gon Hyun, Jee Hwan Ahn, Ha-Yeong Gil, Chung Mo Nam, Choa Yun, Jae-Myeong Lee, Jae Hun Kim, Dong-Hyun Lee, Ki Hoon Kim, Dong Jung Kim, Sang-Min Lee, Ho-Geol Ryu, Suk-Kyung Hong, Jae-Bum Kim, Eun Young Choi, JongHyun Baek, Jeoungmin Kim, Eun Jin Kim, T
    Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The relationship between the PRE-DELIRIC score and the prognosis in COVID-19 ICU patients
    Bilge Banu Taşdemir Mecit
    Journal of Surgery and Medicine.2023; 7(5): 343.     CrossRef
  • Systemic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatories for Analgesia in Postoperative Critical Care Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials
    Chen Hsiang Ma, Kimberly B. Tworek, Janice Y. Kung, Sebastian Kilcommons, Kathleen Wheeler, Arabesque Parker, Janek Senaratne, Erika Macintyre, Wendy Sligl, Constantine J. Karvellas, Fernando G. Zampieri, Demetrios Jim Kutsogiannis, John Basmaji, Kimberle
    Critical Care Explorations.2023; 5(7): e0938.     CrossRef
  • Pain Control and Sedation in Neuro Intensive Critical Unit
    Soo-Hyun Park, Yerim Kim, Yeojin Kim, Jong Seok Bae, Ju-Hun Lee, Wookyung Kim, Hong-Ki Song
    Journal of the Korean Neurological Association.2023; 41(3): 169.     CrossRef
  • Preoperative Anxiety and Its Postoperative Associated Factors in Patients Receiving Post Anesthetic Recovery Care at Surgical Intensive Care Unit
    Yul Ha Lee, Hye-Ja Park
    Journal of Health Informatics and Statistics.2023; 48(3): 267.     CrossRef
  • Diagnostic Value of the Bispectral Index to Assess Sleep Quality after Elective Surgery in Intensive Care Unit
    Naricha Chirakalwasan, Pongpol Sirilaksanamanon, Thammasak Thawitsri, Somrat Charuluxananan
    Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2023; 27(11): 795.     CrossRef
  • Sedation of patients in intensive care units. Guidelines
    V.I. Potievskaya, I.B. Zabolotskikh, I.E. Gridchik, A.I. Gritsan, A.A. Eremenko, I.A. Kozlov, A.L. Levit, V.A. Mazurok, I.V. Molchanov
    Anesteziologiya i reanimatologiya.2023; (5): 6.     CrossRef
  • Sedation for Patients with Sepsis: Towards a Personalised Approach
    José Miguel Marcos-Vidal, Rafael González, María Merino, Eva Higuera, Cristina García
    Journal of Personalized Medicine.2023; 13(12): 1641.     CrossRef
  • Performance, Knowledge, and Barrier Awareness of Medical Staff Regarding the Prevention and Management of Pain, Agitation/Sedation, Delirium, Immobility, and Sleep Disruption in Adult Critical Care Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study
    Hyo-Geun Song, Duckhee Chae, Sung-Hee Yoo
    Korean Journal of Adult Nursing.2023; 35(4): 379.     CrossRef
  • ICU-Induced Disability Persists With or Without COVID-19—This Is a Call for F to A Bundle Action*
    Heidi Engel
    Critical Care Medicine.2022; 50(11): 1665.     CrossRef
  • Actigraphy-Based Assessment of Sleep Parameters in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Respiratory Support Therapy
    Jiyeon Kang, Yongbin Kwon
    Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing.2022; 15(3): 115.     CrossRef
Review Article
Neurosurgery
Brain-lung interaction: a vicious cycle in traumatic brain injury
Ariana Alejandra Chacón-Aponte, Érika Andrea Durán-Vargas, Jaime Adolfo Arévalo-Carrillo, Iván David Lozada-Martínez, Maria Paz Bolaño-Romero, Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, Pedro Grille, Tariq Janjua
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(1):35-44.   Published online February 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01193
  • 19,345 View
  • 1,056 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 21 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
The brain-lung interaction can seriously affect patients with traumatic brain injury, triggering a vicious cycle that worsens patient prognosis. Although the mechanisms of the interaction are not fully elucidated, several hypotheses, notably the “blast injury” theory or “double hit” model, have been proposed and constitute the basis of its development and progression. The brain and lungs strongly interact via complex pathways from the brain to the lungs but also from the lungs to the brain. The main pulmonary disorders that occur after brain injuries are neurogenic pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and ventilator-associated pneumonia, and the principal brain disorders after lung injuries include brain hypoxia and intracranial hypertension. All of these conditions are key considerations for management therapies after traumatic brain injury and need exceptional case-by-case monitoring to avoid neurological or pulmonary complications. This review aims to describe the history, pathophysiology, risk factors, characteristics, and complications of brain-lung and lung-brain interactions and the impact of different old and recent modalities of treatment in the context of traumatic brain injury.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Uncertainty in Neurocritical Care: Recognizing Its Relevance for Clinical Decision-Making
    Luis Rafael Moscote-Salazar, William A. Florez-Perdomo, Tariq Janjua
    Indian Journal of Neurotrauma.2024; 21(01): 092.     CrossRef
  • Manejo postoperatorio de resección de tumores cerebrales en la unidad de cuidado intensivo
    Andrés Felipe Naranjo Ramírez, Álvaro de Jesús Medrano Areiza, Bryan Arango Sánchez, Juan Carlos Arango Martínez, Luis Fermín Naranjo Atehortúa
    Acta Colombiana de Cuidado Intensivo.2024; 24(2): 140.     CrossRef
  • Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure, cerebral perfusion pressure, and brain oxygenation in acute brain injury: Friend or foe? A scoping review
    Greta Zunino, Denise Battaglini, Daniel Agustin Godoy
    Journal of Intensive Medicine.2024; 4(2): 247.     CrossRef
  • Acute brain injury increases pulmonary capillary permeability via sympathetic activation-mediated high fluid shear stress and destruction of the endothelial glycocalyx layer
    Na Zhao, Chao Liu, Xinxin Tian, Juan Yang, Tianen Wang
    Experimental Cell Research.2024; 434(2): 113873.     CrossRef
  • Oral administration of lysozyme protects against injury of ileum via modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis after severe traumatic brain injury
    Weijian Yang, Caihua Xi, Haijun Yao, Qiang Yuan, Jun Zhang, Qifang Chen, Gang Wu, Jin Hu
    Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pulmonary Effects of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice: A Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
    Wei-Hung Chan, Shih-Ming Huang, Yi-Lin Chiu
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(5): 3018.     CrossRef
  • Beyond the brain: General intensive care considerations in pediatric neurocritical care
    Thao L. Nguyen, Dennis W. Simon, Yi-Chen Lai
    Seminars in Pediatric Neurology.2024; 49: 101120.     CrossRef
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    Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(05): 2336.     CrossRef
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    Hongryeol Park, Chan Hee Lee
    Immune Network.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Ida Giorgia Iavarone, Patricia R.M. Rocco, Pedro Leme Silva, Shaurya Taran, Sarah Wahlster, Marcus J. Schultz, Nicolo’ Antonino Patroniti, Chiara Robba
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    Shaurya Taran, Sarah Wahlster, Chiara Robba
    Current Opinion in Critical Care.2023; 29(2): 41.     CrossRef
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  • American Association for the Surgery of Trauma/American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma clinical protocol for management of acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe hypoxemia
    Jason A. Fawley, Christopher J. Tignanelli, Nicole L. Werner, George Kasotakis, Samuel P. Mandell, Nina E. Glass, David J. Dries, Todd W. Costantini, Lena M. Napolitano
    Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery.2023; 95(4): 592.     CrossRef
  • The role of cardiac dysfunction and post-traumatic pulmonary embolism in brain-lung interactions following traumatic brain injury
    Mabrouk Bahloul, Karama Bouchaala, Najeh Baccouche, Kamilia Chtara, Hedi Chelly, Mounir Bouaziz
    Acute and Critical Care.2022; 37(2): 266.     CrossRef
  • Allocation of Donor Lungs in Korea
    Hye Ju Yeo
    Journal of Chest Surgery.2022; 55(4): 274.     CrossRef
  • Mapping brain endophenotypes associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis genetic risk
    Ali-Reza Mohammadi-Nejad, Richard J. Allen, Luke M. Kraven, Olivia C. Leavy, R. Gisli Jenkins, Louise V. Wain, Dorothee P. Auer, Stamatios N. Sotiropoulos
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Original Articles
Pulmonary
Diaphragm ultrasound as a better predictor of successful extubation from mechanical ventilation than rapid shallow breathing index
Mohammad Jhahidul Alam, Simanta Roy, Mohammad Azmain Iktidar, Fahmida Khatun Padma, Khairul Islam Nipun, Sreshtha Chowdhury, Ranjan Kumar Nath, Harun-Or Rashid
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(1):94-100.   Published online January 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01354
  • 9,069 View
  • 440 Download
  • 17 Web of Science
  • 19 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
In 3%–19% of patients, reintubation is needed 48–72 hours following extubation, which increases intensive care unit (ICU) morbidity, mortality, and expenses. Extubation failure is frequently caused by diaphragm dysfunction. Ultrasonography can be used to determine the mobility and thickness of the diaphragm. This study looked at the role of diaphragm excursion (DE) and thickening fraction in predicting successful extubation from mechanical ventilation.
Methods
Thirty-one patients were extubated with the advice of an ICU consultant using the ICU weaning regimen and diaphragm ultrasonography was performed. Ultrasound DE and thickening fraction were measured three times: at the commencement of the t-piece experiment, at 10 minutes, and immediately before extubation. All patients' parameters were monitored for 48 hours after extubation. Rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) was also measured at the same time.
Results
Successful extubation was significantly correlated with DE (P=0.01). Receiver curve analysis for DE to predict successful extubation revealed good properties (area under the curve [AUC], 0.83; P<0.001); sensitivity, 77.8%; specificity, 84.6%, positive predictive value (PPV), 87.5%; negative predictive value (NPV), 73.3% while cut-off value, 11.43 mm. Diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) also revealed moderate curve properties (AUC, 0.69; P=0.06); sensitivity, 61.1%; specificity, 84.6%; PPV, 87.5%; NPV, 61.1% with cut-off value 22.33% although former one was slightly better. RSBI could not reach good receiver operating characteristic value at cut-off points 100 b/min/L (AUC, 0.58; P=0.47); sensitivity, 66.7%; specificity, 53.8%; PPV, 66.7%; NPV, 53.8%).
Conclusions
To decrease the rate of reintubation, DE and DTF are better indicators of successful extubation. DE outperforms DTF.

Citations

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  • Effectiveness of diaphragmatic ultrasound as a predictor of successful weaning from mechanical ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Henry M. Parada-Gereda, Adriana L. Tibaduiza, Alejandro Rico-Mendoza, Daniel Molano-Franco, Victor H. Nieto, Wanderley A. Arias-Ortiz, Purificación Perez-Terán, Joan R. Masclans
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    Ravi Saravanan, Krishnamurthy Nivedita, Krishnamoorthy Karthik, Rajagopalan Venkatraman
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  • The role of diaphragmatic thickness measurement in weaning prediction and its comparison with rapid shallow breathing index: a single-center experience
    Lokesh Kumar Lalwani, Manjunath B Govindagoudar, Pawan Kumar Singh, Mukesh Sharma, Dhruva Chaudhry
    Acute and Critical Care.2022; 37(3): 347.     CrossRef
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    Domenica Di Costanzo, Mariano Mazza, Antonio Esquinas
    Acute and Critical Care.2022; 37(4): 681.     CrossRef
  • Sonographic assessment of diaphragmatic thickening and excursion as predictors of weaning success in the intensive care unit: A prospective observational study
    Amandeep Kaur, Shruti Sharma, Vikram P. Singh, M. Ravi Krishna, Parshotam L. Gautam, Gagandeep Singh
    Indian Journal of Anaesthesia.2022; 66(11): 776.     CrossRef
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    Qiancheng Xu, Xiao Yang, Yan Qian, Chang Hu, Weihua Lu, Shuhan Cai, Bo Hu, Jianguo Li
    BMC Pulmonary Medicine.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    European Journal of Pediatrics.2022; 182(2): 731.     CrossRef
Nursing
The effect of time management education on critical care nurses’ prioritization: a randomized clinical trial
Fatemeh Vizeshfar, Mahnaz Rakhshan, Fatemeh Shirazi, Roya Dokoohaki
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(2):202-208.   Published online April 28, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01123
  • 12,191 View
  • 523 Download
  • 10 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
necessiBackground: Nurses are at the forefront of patient care, and time management skills can increase their ability to make decisions faster. This study aimed to assess the effect of a time management workshop on prioritization and time management skills among nurses of emergency and intensive care units.
Methods
This randomized clinical trial was performed with 215 nurses. The educational intervention about time management was held in the form of a workshop for the intervention group. The time management questionnaire was completed by both groups before, immediately after, and 3 months after the intervention.
Results
Most participants were female (n=191, 88%), with a mean age of 31.82 years (range, 22–63 years). Additionally, the participants’ work experience ranged from 1 to 30 years (mean±standard deviation, 8.00±7.15 years). After the intervention, the mean score of time management increased significantly in the intervention group, but no significant difference was observed in this regard in the control group. The results also revealed a significant difference between the intervention and control groups regarding the mean score of time management 3 months after the intervention (P<0.001).
Conclusions
Time management training helped nurses adjust the time required to perform and prioritize various tasks.

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Infection
Nosocomial meningitis in intensive care: a 10-year retrospective study and literature review
Sofia R. Valdoleiros, Cristina Torrão, Laura S. Freitas, Diana Mano, Celina Gonçalves, Carla Teixeira
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(1):61-70.   Published online January 26, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01151
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Nosocomial meningitis is a medical emergency that requires early diagnosis, prompt initiation of therapy, and frequent admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in adult patients diagnosed with nosocomial meningitis who required admission to the ICU between April 2010 and March 2020. Meningitis/ventriculitis and intracranial infection were defined according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. Results: An incidence of 0.75% of nosocomial meningitis was observed among 70 patients. The mean patient age was 59 years and 34% were ≥65 years. Twenty-two percent of patients were in an immunocompromised state. A clear predisposing factor for nosocomial meningitis (traumatic brain injury, basal skull fracture, brain hemorrhage, central nervous system [CNS] invasive procedure or device) was present in 93% of patients. Fever was the most frequent clinical feature. A microbiological agent was identified in 30% of cases, of which 27% were bacteria, with a predominance of Gram-negative over Gram-positive. Complications developed in 47% of cases, 24% of patients were discharged with a Glasgow coma scale <14, and 37% died. There were no clear clinical predictors of complications. Advanced age (≥65 years old) and the presence of complications were associated with higher hospital mortality. Conclusions: Nosocomial meningitis in critical care has a low incidence rate but high mortality and morbidity. In critical care patients with CNS-related risk factors, a high level of suspicion for meningitis is warranted, but diagnosis can be hindered by several confounding factors.

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Review Articles
Basic science and research
Barriers and facilitators in the provision of palliative care in adult intensive care units: a scoping review
Christantie Effendy, Yodang Yodang, Sarah Amalia, Erna Rochmawati
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(4):516-526.   Published online October 18, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00745
  • 6,325 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
The provision of palliative care in the intensive care unit (ICU) is increasing. While some scholars have suggested the goals of palliative care to not be aligned with the ICU, some evidence show benefits of the integration. This review aimed to explore and synthesize research that identified barriers and facilitators in the provision of palliative care in the ICU. This review utilized Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Scoping Review guidelines based on population, concept, and context. We searched for eligible studies in five electronic databases (Scopus, PubMed, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Sage) and included studies on the provision of palliative care (concept) in the ICU (context) that were published in English between 2005–2021. We describe the provision of palliative care in terms of barriers and facilitators. We also describe the study design and context. A total of 14 papers was included. Several barriers and facilitators in providing palliative care in the ICU were identified and include lack of capabilities, family boundaries, practical issues, cultural differences. Facilitators of the provision of palliative care in an ICU include greater experience and supportive behaviors, i.e., collaborations between health care professionals. This scoping review demonstrates the breadth of barriers and facilitators of palliative care in the ICU. Hospital management can consider findings of the current review to better integrate palliative care in the ICU.

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    Larissa Kênia de Oliveira Barros Dos Santos, Isabella Rodrigues Ribeiro, João Pedro Manduca Ferreira, Victor Hugo Oliveira Moraes, Érika Aguiar Lara Pereira
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    Andrea Cortegiani, Mariachiara Ippolito, Sebastiano Mercadante
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    Nabat Almalki, Breidge Boyle, Peter O’Halloran
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Basic science and research
Review of remimazolam and sedatives in the intensive care unit
Hey-Ran Choi, In-Ae Song
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(2):151-158.   Published online May 30, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00619
  • 6,381 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Remimazolam is a novel intravenous ultra-short acting benzodiazepine that has the potential of being a safe and effective new sedative for use in intensive care unit (ICU) settings. Because remimazolam metabolizes rapidly by being hydrolyzed to an inactive metabolite (CNS 7054) through non-specific tissue esterase activity, specific dosing adjustment for older adults and for patients with renal or hepatic impairment patients (except for those with severe hepatic impairment) is not required. In addition, research has shown that remimazolam may be reversed by administration of flumazenil, as its half time was sufficiently short compared to flumazenil. It shows a lower incidence of cardiorespiratory depression, less injection pain, and no fatal complications such as propofol infusion syndrome and malignant hyperthermia of inhalational anesthetics. Future studies to study the suitability of remimazolam for managing the sedation of ICU patients who need sedation for a long time over several days is required.

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Original Article
Infection
In-hospital mortality prediction using frailty scale and severity score in elderly patients with severe COVID-19
Yong Sub Na, Jin Hyoung Kim, Moon Seong Baek, Won-Young Kim, Ae-Rin Baek, Bo young Lee, Gil Myeong Seong, Song-I Lee
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(3):303-311.   Published online July 5, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00017
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a high disease severity and mortality. However, the use of the frailty scale and severity score to predict in-hospital mortality in the elderly is not well established. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the use of these scores in COVID-19 cases in the elderly.
Methods
This multicenter retrospective study included severe COVID-19 patients admitted to seven hospitals in Republic of Korea from February 2020 to February 2021. We evaluated patients’ Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score; confusion, urea nitrogen, respiratory rate, blood pressure, 65 years of age and older (CURB-65) score; modified early warning score (MEWS); Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score; clinical frailty scale (CFS) score; and Charlson comorbidity index (CCI). We evaluated the predictive value using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
Results
The study included 318 elderly patients with severe COVID-19 of whom 237 (74.5%) were survivors and 81 (25.5%) were non-survivors. The non-survivor group was older and had more comorbidities than the survivor group. The CFS, CCI, APACHE II, SOFA, CURB-65, and MEWS scores were higher in the non-survivor group than in the survivor group. When analyzed using the ROC curve, SOFA score showed the best performance in predicting the prognosis of elderly patients (area under the curve=0.766, P<0.001). CFS and SOFA scores were associated with in-hospital mortality in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
The SOFA score is an efficient tool for assessing in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with severe COVID-19.

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Case Reports
Pulmonary
A fatal case report of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and mucormycosis coinfection in an immunocompetent patient with coronavirus disease 2019 in Korea
Jin Hyoung Kim, Misung Kim, Soyeoun Lim, Sun Young Park, Yangjin Jegal, Taehoon Lee, Byung Ju Kang
Acute Crit Care. 2023;38(3):382-388.   Published online June 27, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01340
  • 3,641 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Systemic glucocorticoid treatment is highly recommended in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. However, secondary fungal infections are of concern in such patients. Here, we describe the first case of COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) and COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) coinfection in a COVID-19 positive immunocompetent patient in Korea. A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with COVID-19 pneumonia. He had no underlying comorbidities and was not taking medications. He received remdesivir, dexamethasone, and antibiotic therapy under mechanical ventilation. Although his condition improved temporarily, multiple cavities were observed on chest computed tomography, and Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured from tracheal aspiration culture. He was diagnosed with probable CAPA and received voriconazole therapy. However, his condition was not significantly improved despite having received voriconazole therapy for 4 weeks. After release from COVID-19 quarantine, he underwent bronchoscopy examination and was then finally diagnosed with CAPA and CAM coinfection on bronchoscopic biopsy. Antifungal treatment was changed to liposomal amphotericin B. However, his progress deteriorated, and he died 4 months after admission. This case highlights that clinical suspicion and active checkups are required to diagnose secondary fungal infections in immunocompetent COVID-19 patients who receive concurrent glucocorticoid therapy.

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    Sara Mina, Hajar Yaakoub, Cédric Annweiler, Vincent Dubée, Nicolas Papon
    Microbes and Infection.2022; 24(8): 105039.     CrossRef
Neurosurgery
What should an intensivist know about pneumocephalus and tension pneumocephalus?
Bhushan Sudhakar Wankhade, Maged Mohsen Kamel Beniamein, Zeyad Faoor Alrais, Jyoti Ittoop Mathew, Ghaya Zeyad Alrais
Acute Crit Care. 2023;38(2):244-248.   Published online April 13, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01102
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Collection of air in the cranial cavity is called pneumocephalus. Although simple pneumocephalus is a benign condition, accompanying increased intracranial pressure can produce a life-threatening condition comparable to tension pneumothorax, which is termed tension pneumocephalus. We report a case of tension pneumocephalus after drainage of a cerebrospinal fluid hygroma. The tension pneumocephalus was treated with decompression craniotomy, but the patient later died due to the complications related to critical care. Traumatic brain injury and neurosurgical intervention are the most common causes of pneumocephalus. Pneumocephalus and tension pneumocephalus are neurosurgical emergencies, and anesthetics and intensive care management like the use of nitrous oxide during anesthesia and positive pressure ventilation have important implications in their development and progress. Clinically, patients can present with various nonspecific neurological manifestations that are indistinguishable from a those of a primary neurological condition. If the diagnosis is questionable, patients should be investigated using computed tomography of the brain. Immediate neurosurgical consultation with decompression is the treatment of choice.

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    Goran Latif Omer, Riccardo Maurizi, Beatrice Francavilla, Kareem Rekawt Hama Rashid, Gianluca Velletrani, Hasan Mustafa Salah, Giulia Marzocchella, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Stefano Di Girolamo, Rong-San Jiang
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Original Articles
Pulmonary
Comparison of high-flow nasal oxygen therapy and noninvasive ventilation in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Glenardi Glenardi, Febie Chriestya, Bambang J Oetoro, Ghea Mangkuliguna, Natalia Natalia
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(1):71-83.   Published online February 22, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01326
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  • 9 Web of Science
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a major adverse event commonly encountered in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Although noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) has long been used in the management of ARF, it has several adverse events which may cause patient discomfort and lead to treatment complication. Recently, high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) has the potential to be an alternative for NIV in adults with ARF, including COVID-19 patients. The objective was to investigate the efficacy of HFNC compared to NIV in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This meta-analysis was reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria. Literature search was carried out in electronic databases for relevant articles published prior to June 2021. The protocol used in this study has been registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42020225186). Results: Although the success rate of NIV is higher compared to HFNC (odds ratio [OR], 0.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.16–0.97; P=0.04), this study showed that the mortality in the NIV group is also significantly higher compared to HFNC group (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.39–0.63; P<0.001). Moreover, this study also demonstrated that there was no significant difference in intubation rates between the two groups (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.86–2.11; P=0.19). Conclusions: Patients treated with HFNC showed better outcomes compared to NIV for ARF due to COVID-19. Therefore, HFNC should be considered prior to NIV in COVID-19–associated ARF. However, further studies with larger sample sizes are still needed to better elucidate the benefit of HFNC in COVID-19 patients.

Citations

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  • High-flow nasal cannula therapy in patients with COVID-19 in intensive care units in a country with limited resources: a single-center experience
    Anh-Minh Vu Phan, Hai-Yen Thi Hoang, Thanh-Son Truong Do, Trung Quoc Hoang, Thuan Van Phan, Nguyet-Anh Phuong Huynh, Khoi Minh Le
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  • Evaluating the use of the respiratory-rate oxygenation index as a predictor of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen failure in COVID-19
    Scott Weerasuriya, Savvas Vlachos, Ahmed Bobo, Namitha Birur Jayaprabhu, Lauren Matthews, Adam R Blackstock, Victoria Metaxa
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    Erkan Yildirim, Levent Kilickan, Suleyman Hilmi Aksoy, Ramazan Gozukucuk, Hasan Huseyin Kilic, Yakup Tomak, Orhan Dalkilic, Ibrahim Halil Tanboga, Fevzi Duhan Berkan Kilickan
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    Yorschua Jalil, Martina Ferioli, Martin Dres
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    Yun Peng, Bing Dai, Hong-wen Zhao, Wei Wang, Jian Kang, Hai-jia Hou, Wei Tan
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Basic science and research
A machine learning model for predicting favorable outcome in severe traumatic brain injury patients after 6 months
Mehdi Nourelahi, Fardad Dadboud, Hosseinali Khalili, Amin Niakan, Hossein Parsaei
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(1):45-52.   Published online January 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.00486
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Traumatic brain injury (TBI), which occurs commonly worldwide, is among the more costly of health and socioeconomic problems. Accurate prediction of favorable outcomes in severe TBI patients could assist with optimizing treatment procedures, predicting clinical outcomes, and result in substantial economic savings. Methods: In this study, we examined the capability of a machine learning-based model in predicting “favorable” or “unfavorable” outcomes after 6 months in severe TBI patients using only parameters measured on admission. Three models were developed using logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machines trained on parameters recorded from 2,381 severe TBI patients admitted to the neuro-intensive care unit of Rajaee (Emtiaz) Hospital (Shiraz, Iran) between 2015 and 2017. Model performance was evaluated using three indices: sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. A ten-fold cross-validation method was used to estimate these indices. Results: Overall, the developed models showed excellent performance with the area under the curve around 0.81, sensitivity and specificity of around 0.78. The top-three factors important in predicting 6-month post-trauma survival status in TBI patients are “Glasgow coma scale motor response,” “pupillary reactivity,” and “age.” Conclusions: Machine learning techniques might be used to predict the 6-month outcome in TBI patients using only the parameters measured on admission when the machine learning is trained using a large data set.

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  • Enhancing hospital course and outcome prediction in patients with traumatic brain injury: A machine learning study
    Guangming Zhu, Burak B Ozkara, Hui Chen, Bo Zhou, Bin Jiang, Victoria Y Ding, Max Wintermark
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    Kevin Pierre, Jordan Turetsky, Abheek Raviprasad, Seyedeh Mehrsa Sadat Razavi, Michael Mathelier, Anjali Patel, Brandon Lucke-Wold
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    Olivia F. Hunter, Frances Perry, Mina Salehi, Hubert Bandurski, Alan Hubbard, Chad G. Ball, S. Morad Hameed
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    Helena Van Deynse, Wilfried Cools, Viktor-Jan De Deken, Bart Depreitere, Ives Hubloue, Eva Kimpe, Maarten Moens, Karen Pien, Ellen Tisseghem, Griet Van Belleghem, Koen Putman
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    Denes V. Agoston, Adel Helmy
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    Antonio Cerasa, Gennaro Tartarisco, Roberta Bruschetta, Irene Ciancarelli, Giovanni Morone, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Giovanni Pioggia, Paolo Tonin, Marco Iosa
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Pulmonary
The role of nafamostat mesilate as a regional anticoagulant during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Jae Ha Lee, Jin Han Park, Ji Hoon Jang, Se Hun Kim, Sung Yong Hong, Woon Heo, Dong-Hwan Lee, Hye Sook Choi, Ki Hoon Kim, Hang-Jea Jang
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(2):177-184.   Published online April 20, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2021.01312
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) usually is required to prevent thrombosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of nafamostat mesilate (NM) as a regional anticoagulant during veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) treatment. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 16 patients receiving VA-ECMO and NM from January 2017 to June 2020 at Haeundae Paik Hospital. We compared clinical and laboratory data, including activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), which was measured simultaneously in patients and the ECMO site, to estimate the efficacy of regional anticoagulation. Results: The median patient age was 68.5 years, and 56.3% of patients were men. Cardiovascular disease was the most common primary disease (75.0%) requiring ECMO treatment, followed by respiratory disease (12.5%). The median duration of ECMO treatment was 7.5 days. Among 16 patients, seven were switched to NM after first using heparin as an anticoagulation agent, and nine received only NM. When comparing aPTT values in the NM group between patients and the ECMO site, that in patients was significantly lower than that at the ECMO site (73.57 vs. 79.25 seconds; P=0.010); in contrast, no difference was observed in the heparin group. Conclusions: NM showed efficacy as a regional anticoagulation method by sustaining a lower aPTT value compared to that measured at the ECMO site. NM should be considered as a safer regional anticoagulation method in VA-ECMO for patients at high risk of bleeding.

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  • Management of cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes in surgery for active infective endocarditis
    Takahiro Yamazato, Hiroshi Munakata, Yutaka Okita
    Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery.2024; 40(S1): 61.     CrossRef
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    Catherine V. Levitt, Caitlin A. Williams, Jalil Ahari, Ali Pourmand
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    Shameek Gayen, Stephen Dachert, Bilal Lashari, Matthew Gordon, Parag Desai, Gerard Criner, Juan Cardet, Kartik Shenoy
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    Jan-Sören Padberg, Jannik Feld, Leonie Padberg, Jeanette Köppe, Lena Makowski, Joachim Gerß, Patrik Dröge, Thomas Ruhnke, Christian Günster, Stefan Andreas Lange, Holger Reinecke
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    Tatsiana Romenskaya, Yaroslava Longhitano, Aman Mahajan, Gabriele Savioli, Antonio Voza, Manfredi Tesauro, Christian Zanza
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Pulmonary
Incidence and risk factors associated with progression to severe pneumonia among adults with non-severe Legionella pneumonia
Jin-Young Huh, Sang-Ho Choi, Kyung-Wook Jo, Jin Won Huh, Sang-Bum Hong, Tae Sun Shim, Chae-Man Lim, Younsuck Koh
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(4):543-549.   Published online October 21, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00521
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AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Legionella species are important causative organisms of severe pneumonia. However, data are limited on predictors of progression to severe Legionella pneumonia (LP). Therefore, the risk factors for LP progression from non-severe to the severe form were investigated in the present study. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study that included adult LP patients admitted to a 2,700-bed referral center between January 2005 and December 2019. Results: A total of 155 patients were identified during the study period; 58 patients (37.4%) initially presented with severe pneumonia and 97 (62.6%) patients with non-severe pneumonia. Among the 97 patients, 28 (28.9%) developed severe pneumonia during hospitalization and 69 patients (71.1%) recovered without progression to severe pneumonia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed platelet count ≤150,000/mm3 (odds ratio [OR], 2.923; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.100–8.105; P=0.034) and delayed antibiotic treatment >1 day (OR, 3.092; 95% CI, 1.167–8.727; P=0.026) were significant independent factors associated with progression to severe pneumonia. Conclusions: A low platelet count and delayed antibiotic treatment were significantly associated with the progression of non-severe LP to severe LP.

Citations

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Pulmonary
The role of diaphragmatic thickness measurement in weaning prediction and its comparison with rapid shallow breathing index: a single-center experience
Lokesh Kumar Lalwani, Manjunath B Govindagoudar, Pawan Kumar Singh, Mukesh Sharma, Dhruva Chaudhry
Acute Crit Care. 2022;37(3):347-354.   Published online July 25, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2022.00108
  • 4,379 View
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AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Background
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is commonly managed with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). The majority of the time that a patient spends on IMV is in the process of weaning. Prediction of the weaning outcome is of paramount importance, as untimely/delayed extubation is associated with a high risk of mortality. Diaphragmatic ultrasonography is a promising tool in the intensive care unit, and its utility in predicting the success of weaning remains understudied.
Methods
In this prospective-observational study, we recruited 54 ARF patients on IMV, along with 50 healthy controls. During a spontaneous breathing trial, all subjects underwent diaphragmatic ultrasonography along with a rapid shallow breathing index (RSBI) assessment.
Results
The mean age was 41.8±17.0 and 37.6±10.5 years among the cases and control group, respectively. Demographic variables were broadly similar in the two groups. The most common cause of ARF was obstructive airway disease. The average duration of IMV was 5.41±2.81 days. Out of 54 subjects, 45 were successfully weaned, while nine patients failed weaning. Age, body mass index, and severity of disease were similar in the successful and failed weaning patients. The sensitivity in predicting successful weaning of percent change in diaphragmatic thickness (Δtdi%) >29.71% was high (93.33%), while specificity was 66.67%. The sensitivity and specificity of mean diaphragmatic thickness (tdi) end-expiratory >0.178 cm was 60.00% and 77.78%, respectively. RSBI at 1 minute of <93.75 had an equally high sensitivity (93.33%) but a lower specificity (22.22%). Similar results were also found for RSBI measured at 5 minutes.
Conclusions
During the weaning assessment, the purpose is to minimize both premature as well as delayed extubation. We found that diaphragmatic ultrasonography, in particular Δtdi%, is better than RSBI in predicting weaning outcomes.

Citations

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  • Ultrasonography to Access Diaphragm Dysfunction and Predict the Success of Mechanical Ventilation Weaning in Critical Care
    Marta Rafael Marques, José Manuel Pereira, José Artur Paiva, Gonzalo García de Casasola‐Sánchez, Yale Tung‐Chen
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    Diego Poddighe, Marine Van Hollebeke, Yasir Qaiser Choudhary, Débora Ribeiro Campos, Michele R. Schaeffer, Jan Y. Verbakel, Greet Hermans, Rik Gosselink, Daniel Langer
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    Golnar Sabetian, Mandana Mackie, Naeimehossadat Asmarian, Mahsa Banifatemi, Gregory A. Schmidt, Mansoor Masjedi, Shahram Paydar, Farid Zand
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    Peter Van de Putte, An Wallyn, Rosemary Hogg, Lars Knudsen, Kariem El-Boghdadly
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