1Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Hôpital Lariboisière, AP-HP, Paris, France
2INSERM UMR-S 942, MASCOT, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
3Department of Radiology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
4IHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
5Icube Laboratory and Faculty of Medicine, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
6Department of Radiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
Copyright © 2023 The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
FUNDING
None.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
None.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: AD, BGC, LB. Methodology: LB, LM, AM, BGC. Formal analysis: LB, LM, AD, BGC. Data curation: LB, LM, BGC, FR, RB, AD. Visualization: LB, BGC. Project administration: LB, AM, BGC. Writing–original draft: all authors. Writing–review & editing: all authors.
Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Male | 33 (60) |
Age (yr) | 72 (57–82) |
Medical history | |
Cardiovascular risk factorsa) | 38 (69.1) |
Chronic heart failure | 17 (30.9) |
COPD | 8 (14.5) |
CKD | 4 (7.3) |
Reason for admission | |
Peritonitis | 35 (63.6) |
Ischemic colitis | 9 (16.4) |
Cholangitis | 8 (14.5) |
Othersb) | 3 (5.4) |
Mechanical ventilation | 49 (89.1) |
Duration of ventilation (day) | 5 (2–14) |
Length of hospitalization (day) | 9 (5–21) |
Surgical treatment | 46 (83.6) |
Vasopressor treatment | 52 (94.5) |
AKI | 42 (76.4) |
KDIGO score | 1 (1–2) |
RRT | 9 (16.4) |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.7 (1.9–4.3) |
In-ICU mortality | 14 (25.5) |
Serum creatinine during sepsis (mg/dl) | 1.1 (0.74–1.63) |
Severity scores at the day of sepsis | |
SOFA score 24 hr | 7 (4.50–9.50) |
SAPS II | 49 (37–60) |
Sepsis | 3 (5.50) |
Septic shock | 52 (94.5) |
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range).
COPD: chronic obstructive pneumopathy disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; AKI: acute kidney injury; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome; RRT: renal replacement therapy; ICU: intensive care unit; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score.
a)Cardiovascular risk factor: diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, peripheral vascular injury;
b)Endometritis and pancreatitis.
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range).
ICU: intensive care unit; AKI: acute kidney injury; COPD: chronic obstructive pneumopathy disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome; RRT: renal replacement therapy; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score.
Characteristic | Value |
---|---|
Male | 33 (60) |
Age (yr) | 72 (57–82) |
Medical history | |
Cardiovascular risk factors |
38 (69.1) |
Chronic heart failure | 17 (30.9) |
COPD | 8 (14.5) |
CKD | 4 (7.3) |
Reason for admission | |
Peritonitis | 35 (63.6) |
Ischemic colitis | 9 (16.4) |
Cholangitis | 8 (14.5) |
Others |
3 (5.4) |
Mechanical ventilation | 49 (89.1) |
Duration of ventilation (day) | 5 (2–14) |
Length of hospitalization (day) | 9 (5–21) |
Surgical treatment | 46 (83.6) |
Vasopressor treatment | 52 (94.5) |
AKI | 42 (76.4) |
KDIGO score | 1 (1–2) |
RRT | 9 (16.4) |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.7 (1.9–4.3) |
In-ICU mortality | 14 (25.5) |
Serum creatinine during sepsis (mg/dl) | 1.1 (0.74–1.63) |
Severity scores at the day of sepsis | |
SOFA score 24 hr | 7 (4.50–9.50) |
SAPS II | 49 (37–60) |
Sepsis | 3 (5.50) |
Septic shock | 52 (94.5) |
Variable | Dead (n=14) | Survivor (n=41) | P-value | AKI (n=42) | No AKI (n=13) | P-value |
Male | 8 (14.5) | 25 (45.5) | 0.51 | 27 (49.1) | 6 (10.9) | 0.20 |
Age (yr) | 77.9 (59.1–84) | 70.1 (52.9–81.1) | 0.21 | 73.3 (60.47–83.3) | 57.15 (46.15–73.22) | 0.08 |
Medical history | ||||||
Cardiovascular risk factor | 10 (18.2) | 28 (50.9) | 0.55 | 31 (56.4) | 7 (12.7) | 0.15 |
Chronic heart failure | 4 (7.3) | 13 (23.6) | 0.55 | 17 (30.9) | 0 | 0.01 |
COPD | 4 (7.3) | 4 (7.3) | 0.10 | 8 (14.5) | 0 | 0.10 |
CKD | 1 (1.8) | 3 (5.5) | 0.73 | 4 (7.3) | 0 | 0.33 |
Reason for admission | 0.80 | 0.11 | ||||
Peritonitis | 8 (14.5) | 27 (49.1) | 26 (47.3) | 9 (16.4) | ||
Ischemic colitis | 3 (5.5) | 6 (10.9) | 9 (16.4) | 0 | ||
Cholangitis | 1 (1.8) | 7 (12.7) | 6 (10.9) | 2 (3.6) | ||
Others | 2 (3.6) | 1 (1.8) | 1 (1.8) | 2 (3.6) | ||
Mechanical ventilation | 14 (25.5) | 35 (63.6) | 0.16 | 39 (70.9) | 10 (18.2) | 0.13 |
Duration of ventilation (day) | 9 (2.75–20.75) | 4 (2–12) | 0.17 | 5 (2–14) | 4 (1–16.5) | 0.62 |
Length of hospitalization (day) | 9 (6–19.8) | 9 (4.5–22.5) | 0.9 | 9 (5.75–19.25) | 9 (4.0–59) | 0.90 |
Surgical treatment | 12 (21.8) | 34 (61.8) | 0.59 | 36 (65.5) | 10 (18.2) | 0.36 |
Vasopressor therapy | 14 (25.5) | 37 (67.3) | 0.30 | 40 (72.7) | 11 (20) | 0.23 |
Lactate (µmol/L) | 3.8 (2.8–7.5) | 2.3 (1.5–3.5) | 0.02 | 3.1 (2.4–4.4) | 2.0 (1.3–2.2) | 0.01 |
In-ICU mortality | - | - | - | 12 (21.8) | 2 (3.6) | 0.30 |
AKI | 12 (21.8) | 30 (54.5) | 0.20 | - | - | - |
KDIGO score | 2 (1–3) (n=12) | 1 (1–2) (n=30) | 0.10 | - | - | - |
RRT | 6 (10.9) | 3 (5.5) | 0.01 | 9 (16.4) | 0 | 0.07 |
SOFA score | 7.5 (7.0–11) | 6 (4.0–9.0) | 0.05 | 7.0 (6.0–10.8) | 5 (2.0–6.0) | 0.02 |
SAPS II | 56.0 (49–70.8) | 48 (31.5–58.5) | 0.03 | 54.0 (43.5–61.25) | 40 (24–49) | 0.01 |
Sepsis | 0 | 3 (5.5) | 0.72 | 1 (1.8) | 2 (3.6) | 0.27 |
Septic shock | 14 (25.5) | 38 (69) | - | 41 (74.5) | 11 (20) | - |
Variable | Prediction parameter | AUC (95% CI) | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | Accuracy, % (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prediction of mortality | |||||
Radiomic analysis | |||||
Elastic net | Alpha=0.6 | 0.48 (0.43–0.54) | 22 (16–30) | 67 (62–71) | 55 (51–60) |
Lambda=0.003 | |||||
Random forest | mtry=49 | 0.51 (0.45–0.57) | 14 (8.8–20) | 90 (87–93) | 71 (67–74) |
Radiomic analysis+SAPS II | |||||
Elastic net | Alpha=0.6 | 0.57 (0.52–0.62) | 25 (19–33) | 76 (71–80) | 63 (59–67) |
Lambda=0.006 | |||||
Random forest | mtry=73 | 0.51 (0.45–0.56) | 6.4 (3.4–12) | 90 (87–92) | 69 (65–73) |
SAPS II | 0.68 (0.63–0.73) | 10 (6.1–16) | 94 (92–96) | 73 (69–77) | |
Prediction of AKI | |||||
Radiomic analysis | |||||
Elastic net | Alpha=0.9 | 0.71 (0.66–0.77) | 99 (98.8–99.9) | 0.7 (0.1–4.2) | 76 (73–80) |
Lambda=0.20 | |||||
Random forest | mtry=2 | 0.69 (0.64–0.74) | 97 (95–98) | 6.1 (3.1–12) | 75 (72–79) |
Radiomic analysis+SAPS II | |||||
Elastic net | Alpha=0.9 | 0.94 (0.91–0.96) | 95 (93–97) | 69 (61–77) | 89 (86–92) |
Lambda=0.006 | |||||
Random forest | mtry=109 | 0.75 (0.70–0.80) | 94 (92–96) | 17 (11–24) | 76 (72–80) |
SAPS II | 0.75 (0.70–0.79) | 91 (88–94) | 32 (25–41) | 77 (74–81) |
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range). COPD: chronic obstructive pneumopathy disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; AKI: acute kidney injury; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome; RRT: renal replacement therapy; ICU: intensive care unit; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score. Cardiovascular risk factor: diabetes mellitus, obesity, dyslipidemia, peripheral vascular injury; Endometritis and pancreatitis.
Values are presented as number (%) or median (interquartile range). ICU: intensive care unit; AKI: acute kidney injury; COPD: chronic obstructive pneumopathy disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; KDIGO: Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome; RRT: renal replacement therapy; SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score.
AUC: area under the curve; AKI: acute kidney injury; CI: confidence interval; SAPS: Simplified Acute Physiology Score; mtry: number of variables randomly sampled as candidates at each split.