1Division of Pediatric Intensive Care, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
2Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
3Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
Copyright © 2023 The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
FUNDING
None.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: FK, AG, AC, HO, EB. Methodology: FK, EG, ADA, AC, BB, EB. Validation: FK. Formal analysis: FK, EG, AG, HU, BB, ZS, MB. Data curation: FK, BOO, EG, HU, ADA, AC, HO, EB, ZS, TK. Project administration: ZS, MB, TK. Writing–original draft: FK. Writing–review & editing: ZŞ, TK.
Parameter | Total patient |
Diabetes diagnosis status |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Previously diagnosed (n=19) | Newly diagnosed (n=40) | |||
Female | 37 (62.7) | 12 (20.3) | 25 (42.4) | 0.96a) |
Age (yr) | 11±5 | 14.3±2.5 | 11.4±3.1 | <0.001b) |
Diabetes diagnosis age (yr) | 8.98±4.3 | 8.3±3.7 | 9.2±4.6 | 0.47c) |
Height (cm) | 149±26.4 | 161.5±15 | 152±15 | <0.001b) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 16.8±4.6 | 20.0±3.7 | 16.5±5.2 | 0.003b) |
Height z-score | 0.38 (–6.6 to 4.0) | 0.14 (–3.2 to 1.6) | 0.54 (–6.6 to 4.0) | 0.21b) |
BMI z-score | –0.28 (–4.3 to 3.1) | 0.03 (–2.5 to 2.2) | –0.66 (–4.3 to 3.1) | 0.15b) |
Symptom duration (day) | 7.0±10.3 | 2.5±3.4 | 14.0±11.0 | <0.001b) |
PICU length of stay (hr) | 25.0±9.7 | 17.3±6.7 | 28.5±8.9 | <0.001c) |
Hospital stay (day) | 9.0±4.0 | 5.0±2.8 | 9.0±3.4 | <0.001b) |
GCS | 15.0±2.4 | 13.5±2.6 | 15.0±2.5 | 0.39b) |
PRISM III score | 8.0±2.1 | 8.0±2.3 | 8.0±2.1 | 0.80b) |
Pandemic status (pre-pandemic), yes | 41 (69.5) | 12 (20.3) | 29 (49.2) | 0.46a) |
Total saline bolus (ml/kg) | 10.0±7.2 | 10.0±4.2 | 10.0±6.2 | 0.23b) |
Using crystalline insulin (hr) | 20.0±8.8 | 17.8±14 | 20.7±5.1 | 0.24c) |
Polydipsia, yes | 27 (45.8) | 3 (5.1) | 24 (40.7) | <0.001a) |
Polyuria, yes | 27 (45.8) | 3 (5.1) | 24 (40.7) | <0.001a) |
Vomiting, yes | 23 (38.9) | 13 (22.0) | 10 (16.9) | <0.001a) |
Stomachache, yes | 7 (11.9) | 6 (10.2) | 1 (1.7) | 0.002a) |
Blood glucose (mg/dl) | 466±129 | 517±102 | 431±132 | 0.01c) |
Sodium (mmol/L) | 134.3±4.2 | 134.0±4.6 | 134±4 | 0.92c) |
Potassium (mmol/L) | 4.2±0.8 | 4.7±0.7 | 4.0±0.8 | <0.001c) |
Phosphorus (mg/dl) | 3.7±1.5 | 4.9±1.9 | 3.5±1.2 | 0.01b) |
Creatine (mg/dl) | 0.8±0.3 | 0.9±0.3 | 0.7±0.3 | 0.08c) |
Blood ketone (mmol/L) | 6.2±1.1 | 6.0±1.2 | 6.9±1.0 | 0.02b) |
Values are presented as number (%), mean±standard deviation, or median (range).
DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis; BMI: body mass index; PICU: pediatric intensive care unit; GCS: Glasgow coma score; PRISM: Pediatric Risk of Mortality.
a) Chi-square test;
b) Mann-Whitney U-test;
c) Independent samples t-test.
Parameter | Total patients |
Pandemic status |
P-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pre-pandemic (n=41) | Pandemic (n=18) | |||
Newly diagnosed | 40 (100) | 29 (72.5) | 11 (27.5) | 0.33a) |
Female | 37 (62.7) | 25 (42.2) | 12 (20.3) | 0.67a) |
Age (yr) | 11±5 | 11±5 | 12±5 | 0.45b) |
Diabetes diagnosis age (yr) | 9±4 | 9±4 | 9±4 | 0.74b) |
Height (cm) | 149±27 | 143±26 | 148±27 | 0.51b) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 16.8±4.6 | 17.9±4.3 | 18.2±5.4 | 0.94b) |
Height z-score | 0.39 (–6.6 to 4.0) | 0.1 (–6.1 to 4.0) | 0.5 (–6.6 to 3.9) | 0.66c) |
BMI z-score | –0.4±1.7 | –0.3±1.6 | –0.8±1.9 | 0.36b) |
Body weight (kg) | 40±19 | 38±19 | 42±20 | 0.53b) |
Symptom duration (day) | 7.0±10.3 | 7.0±9.9 | 6.0±11.4 | 0.54c) |
PICU length of stay (hr) | 25.0±9.7 | 25.5±10.1 | 23.6±8.9 | 0.51b) |
Hospital stay (day) | 9±4 | 9±4 | 8±4 | 0.18c) |
GCS | 15.0±2.4 | 13.5±2.5 | 12.8±2.3 | 0.22b) |
PRISM III score | 8.7±2.1 | 8.0±2.0 | 10.0±2.0 | 0.02c) |
Total saline bolus (ml/kg) | 10±7 | 10±8 | 10±6 | 0.79c) |
Blood glucose (mg/dl) | 466±129 | 452±139 | 491±103 | 0.35b) |
HbA1c (%) | 11.8±3.3 | 11.8±3.4 | 11.8±3.0 | 0.91b) |
pH | 7.10±0.13 | 7.13±0.13 | 7.03±0.10 | 0.01c) |
pCO2 | 21.3±11.3 | 21.5±12.7 | 17.2±5.4 | 0.09b) |
HCO3 | 7.0±3.8 | 8.4±4 | 4.2±2.4 | 0.01c) |
Lactate | 2.0±1.4 | 2.4±1.7 | 1.9±1.3 | 0.01b) |
Leukocyte (×109/L) | 14,584±8,017 | 16,672±9,445 | 12,970±7,087 | 0.003b) |
Neutrophil (×109/L) | 10,047±7,823 | 12,300±8,853 | 8,211±6,915 | 0.02b) |
Values are presented as number (%), mean±standard deviation, or median (range).
DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis; BMI: body mass index; PICU: pediatric intensive care unit; GCS: Glasgow coma score; PRISM: Pediatric Risk of Mortality.
a) Chi-square test;
b) Independent samples t-test;
c) Mann-Whitney U-test.