Acute and Critical Care

Case Reports

Cardiology
Acute fulminant myocarditis following influenza vaccination requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Youn-Jung Kim, Jun-Il Bae, Seung Mok Ryoo, Won Young Kim; Acute Crit Care. 2019;34(2):165-169. Published online November 7, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2017.00045

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The inactivated influenza vaccination is generally safe with mostly mild side effects. We report a rare but fatal adverse event following influenza vaccination. A previously healthy 27-yearold woman who received the influenza vaccination 3 days before presenting to the emergency department had rapidly aggravating dyspnea and mental deterioration. She was diagnosed as having acute fulminant myocarditis with refractory cardiogenic shock, which was successfully managed with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The cardiac function of the patient recovered in 3 weeks.

Citations

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Clinical Characteristics and Mechanisms of Acute Myocarditis
Stephane Heymans, Sophie Van Linthout, Sarah Mignon Kraus, Leslie T. Cooper, Ntobeko A.B. Ntusi
Circulation Research.2024; 135(2): 397. CrossRef
Active surveillance for adverse events of influenza vaccine safety in elderly cancer patients using self-controlled tree-temporal scan statistic analysis
Na-Young Jeong, Chung-Jong Kim, Sang Min Park, Ye-Jee Kim, Joongyub Lee, Nam-Kyong Choi
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Incidence of Myocarditis Following an Influenza Vaccination: A Population-Based Observational Study
Wen-Hwa Wang, Kai-Che Wei, Yu-Tung Huang, Kuang-Hua Huang, Tung-Han Tsai, Yu-Chia Chang
Drugs & Aging.2023; 40(2): 145. CrossRef
Comparison of COVID-19 Vaccine-Associated Myocarditis and Viral Myocarditis Pathology
Kamron Reza Hamedi, Gannett Loftus, Lawson Traylor, Richard Goodwin, Sergio Arce
Vaccines.2023; 11(2): 362. CrossRef
Myocarditis and autoimmunity
Akira Matsumori
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy.2023; 21(6): 437. CrossRef
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with acute myocarditis and chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy
Federico Caobelli, Jordi Broncano Cabrero, Nicola Galea, Philip Haaf, Christian Loewe, Julian A. Luetkens, Giuseppe Muscogiuri, Marco Francone
The International Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging.2023; 39(11): 2221. CrossRef
Clinical Syndromes Related to SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Vaccination in Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
Maria Vincenza Mastrolia, Camilla De Cillia, Michela Orlandi, Sarah Abu-Rumeileh, Ilaria Maccora, Valerio Maniscalco, Edoardo Marrani, Ilaria Pagnini, Gabriele Simonini
Medicina.2023; 59(11): 2027. CrossRef
Acute Lymphocyte Myocarditis Associated with Influenza Vaccination
Ryo Nakamura, Shin-ichi Ando, Seiya Kato, Toshiaki Kadokami
Internal Medicine.2022; 61(15): 2307. CrossRef
Clinically Suspected Myocarditis Temporally Related to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents and Young Adults: Suspected Myocarditis After COVID-19 Vaccination
Dongngan T. Truong, Audrey Dionne, Juan Carlos Muniz, Kimberly E. McHugh, Michael A. Portman, Linda M. Lambert, Deepika Thacker, Matthew D. Elias, Jennifer S. Li, Olga H. Toro-Salazar, Brett R. Anderson, Andrew M. Atz, C. Monique Bohun, M. Jay Campbell, M
Circulation.2022; 145(5): 345. CrossRef
Myocarditis following rAd26 and rAd5 vector‐based COVID‐19 vaccine: case report
Farah Naghashzadeh, Shadi Shafaghi, Atosa Dorudinia, Seyed Alireza Naji, Majid Marjani, Ahmad Amin, Arezoo Mohamadifar, Sima Noorali, Babak Sharif Kashani
ESC Heart Failure.2022; 9(2): 1483. CrossRef
Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination in adolescents and adults: a cumulative experience of 2021
Onyedika J. Ilonze, Maya E. Guglin
Heart Failure Reviews.2022; 27(6): 2033. CrossRef
Chest Pain and Suspected Myocarditis Related to COVID-19 Vaccination in Adolescents—A Case Series
Da-Eun Roh, Hyejin Na, Jung-Eun Kwon, Insu Choi, Yeo-Hyang Kim, Hwa-Jin Cho
Children.2022; 9(5): 693. CrossRef
Cardiac Adverse Events after Vaccination—A Systematic Review
Kanak Parmar, Sai Subramanyam, Gaspar Del Rio-Pertuz, Pooja Sethi, Erwin Argueta-Sosa
Vaccines.2022; 10(5): 700. CrossRef
A case of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination: incidental or consequential?
Leona S. Alizadeh, Vitali Koch, Ibrahim Yel, Leon D. Grünewald, Daniel Mathies, Simon Martin, Thomas J. Vogl, Dominic Rauschning, Christian Booz
Heliyon.2022; 8(6): e09537. CrossRef
COVID-19 Vaccination and the Rate of Immune and Autoimmune Adverse Events Following Immunization: Insights From a Narrative Literature Review
Naim Mahroum, Noy Lavine, Aviran Ohayon, Ravend Seida, Abdulkarim Alwani, Mahmoud Alrais, Magdi Zoubi, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi
Frontiers in Immunology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
COVID-19 vaccination and carditis in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Oscar Hou In Chou, Jonathan Mui, Cheuk To Chung, Danny Radford, Simon Ranjithkumar, Endurance Evbayekha, Ronald Nam, Levent Pay, Danish Iltaf Satti, Sebastian Garcia-Zamora, George Bazoukis, Göksel Çinier, Sharen Lee, Vassilios S. Vassiliou, Tong Liu, Gar
Clinical Research in Cardiology.2022; 111(10): 1161. CrossRef
Myopericarditis after vaccination, Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS), 1990–2018
John R. Su, Michael M. McNeil, Kerry J. Welsh, Paige L. Marquez, Carmen Ng, Ming Yan, Maria V. Cano
Vaccine.2021; 39(5): 839. CrossRef
Sipuleucel‐T associated inflammatory cardiomyopathy: a case report and observations from a large pharmacovigilance database
Melissa Y.Y. Moey, Rahim A. Jiwani, Kotaro Takeda, Karyn Prenshaw, R. Wayne Kreeger, John Inzerillo, Darla K. Liles, C. Bogdan Marcu, Bénédicte Lebrun‐Vignes, D. Lynn Morris, Sivakumar Ardhanari, Joe‐Elie Salem
ESC Heart Failure.2021; 8(4): 3360. CrossRef
Myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination
Elisabeth Albert, Gerard Aurigemma, Jason Saucedo, David S. Gerson
Radiology Case Reports.2021; 16(8): 2142. CrossRef
Myocarditis and Other Cardiovascular Complications of the mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccines
Mahesh K Vidula, Marietta Ambrose, Helene Glassberg, Neel Chokshi, Tiffany Chen, Victor A Ferrari, Yuchi Han
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Patients With Acute Myocarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination
Han W. Kim, Elizabeth R. Jenista, David C. Wendell, Clerio F. Azevedo, Michael J. Campbell, Stephen N. Darty, Michele A. Parker, Raymond J. Kim
JAMA Cardiology.2021; 6(10): 1196. CrossRef
Acute myocarditis following Comirnaty vaccination in a healthy man with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection
Anna Patrignani, Nicolò Schicchi, Francesca Calcagnoli, Elena Falchetti, Nino Ciampani, Giulio Argalia, Antonio Mariani
Radiology Case Reports.2021; 16(11): 3321. CrossRef
Myocarditis and pericarditis after vaccination for COVID‐19
Blake Hudson, Ryan Mantooth, Matthew DeLaney
Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Myocarditis, Pericarditis and Cardiomyopathy After COVID-19 Vaccination
Salvatore Pepe, Ann T. Gregory, A. Robert Denniss
Heart, Lung and Circulation.2021; 30(10): 1425. CrossRef
Cardiac Manifestations of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Following COVID-19
Eveline Y. Wu, M. Jay Campbell
Current Cardiology Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Hemodynamic Collapse After Influenza Vaccination: A Vaccine-Induced Fulminant Myocarditis?
Nobutaka Nagano, Toshiyuki Yano, Yugo Fujita, Masayuki Koyama, Ryo Hasegawa, Jun Nakata, Ryo Nishikawa, Naoto Murakami, Takefumi Fujito, Atsushi Mochizuki, Hidemichi Kouzu, Atsuko Muranaka, Nobuaki Kokubu, Tetsuji Miura
Canadian Journal of Cardiology.2020; 36(9): 1554.e5. CrossRef
Fatal influenza myocarditis with incessant ventricular tachycardia
Nidhi Saraiya, Supriya Singh, Marilou Corpuz
BMJ Case Reports.2019; 12(7): e228201. CrossRef

Lung Transplantation in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Influenza Pneumonia: Youjin Chang, Sang Oh Lee, Tae Sun Shim, Sae Hoon Choi, Hyung Ryul Kim, Yong-Hee Kim, Dong Kwan Kim, Seung-Il Park, Sang-Bum Hong; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(3):196-201. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.3.196

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Abstract PDF

Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a life-threatening disease with a high mortality rate. Although many therapeutic trials have been performed for improving the mortality of severe ARDS, limited strategies have demonstrated better outcomes. Recently, advanced rescue therapies such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) made it possible to consider lung transplantation (LTPL) in patients with ARDS, but data is insufficient. We report a 62-year-old man who underwent LTPL due to ARDS with no underlying lung disease. He was admitted to the hospital due to influenza A pneumonia-induced ARDS. Although he was supported by ECMO, he progressively deteriorated. We judged that his lungs were irreversibly damaged and decided he needed to undergo LTPL. Finally, bilateral sequential double-lung transplantation was successfully performed. He has since been alive for three years. Conclusively, we demonstrate that LTPL can be a therapeutic option in patients with severe ARDS refractory to conventional therapies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Lung transplantation for acute respiratory distress syndrome: a retrospective European cohort study
Jens Gottlieb, Philipp M. Lepper, Cristina Berastegui, Beatriz Montull, Alexandra Wald, Jasvir Parmar, Jesper M. Magnusson, Felix Schönrath, Tanel Laisaar, Sebastian Michel, Hillevi Larsson, Robin Vos, Assad Haneya, Tim Sandhaus, Erik Verschuuren, Jérôme
European Respiratory Journal.2022; 59(6): 2102078. CrossRef
Comment on “Lung Transplantation for Elderly Patients With End-Stage COVID-19 Pneumonia”
Michael K. Hsin, See Ching Chan, Huiqing Lin
Annals of Surgery.2021; 274(6): e829. CrossRef

Original Article

Structure of Intensive Care Unit and Clinical Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients with Influenza A/H1N1 2009: Jaehwa Cho, Hun Jae Lee, Sang Bum Hong, Gee Young Suh, Moo Suk Park, Seok Chan Kim, Sang Hyun Kwak, Myung Goo Lee, Jae Min Lim, Huyn Kyung Lee, Younsuck Koh; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2012;27(2):65-69.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2012.27.2.65

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
During 2009 pandemic period, many Koreans were infected and admitted with Influenza A/H1N1. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether the structures of an intensive care unit (ICU) were associated with the outcomes of critically ill patients.
METHODS
This retrospective observational study examined critically ill adult patients with influenza A/H1N1, who were admitted to 24 hospitals in Korea, from September 2009 to February 2010. We collected data of ICU structure, patients and 90 days mortality. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, with backward elimination, were performed to determine the most significant risk factors.
RESULTS
Of the 239 patients, mortality of 90 days was 43%. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II score (p < 0.001), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (p < 0.0001), nurse to beds ratio (p = 0.039) and presence of intensivist (p = 0.024) were significant risk factors of 90 days mortality. Age (p = 0.123), gender (p = 0.304), hospital size (p = 0.260), and ICU type (p = 0.409) were insignificantly associated with mortality. In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, patients with less than 6 SOFA score had significantly lower mortality, compared with those with more than 10 SOFA score (odds ratio 0.156, p < 0.0001). The presence of intensivist had significantly lower mortality, compared with the absence (odds ratio 0.496, p = 0.026).
CONCLUSIONS
In critically ill patients with influenza A/H1N1, the severity of the illness and presence of intensivist might be associated with 90 days mortality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Development and validation of novel simple prognostic model for predicting mortality in Korean intensive care units using national insurance claims data
Ah Young Leem, Soyul Han, Kyung Soo Chung, Su Hwan Lee, Moo Suk Park, Bora Lee, Young Sam Kim
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2024; 39(4): 625. CrossRef
A population-based observational study of patients with pulmonary disorders in intensive care unit
Hyun Woo Lee, Eunjeong Ji, Soyeon Ahn, Hye-Joo Yang, Seo-Young Yoon, Tae Yeon Park, Yeon Joo Lee, Jinwoo Lee, Sang-Min Lee, Seung-Hye Choi, Young-Jae Cho
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine.2020; 35(6): 1411. CrossRef
Novel respiratory infectious diseases in Korea
Hyun Jung Kim
Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine.2020; 37(4): 286. CrossRef
Impact of the mother–nurse partnership programme on mother and infant outcomes in paediatric cardiac intensive care unit
Ju-Yeon Uhm, Hee Soon Kim
Intensive and Critical Care Nursing.2019; 50: 79. CrossRef
Major Obstacles to Implement a Full-Time Intensivist in Korean Adult ICUs: a Questionnaire Survey
Jun Wan Lee, Jae Young Moon, Seok Wha Youn, Yong Sup Shin, Sang Il Park, Dong Chan Kim, Younsuk Koh
Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2016; 31(2): 111. CrossRef
Critical Care In Korea: Present and Future
Chae-Man Lim, Sang-Hyun Kwak, Gee Young Suh, Younsuck Koh
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2015; 30(11): 1540. CrossRef
Intensivist Physician Staffing in Intensive Care Units
Sunghoon Park, Gee Young Suh
Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2013; 28(1): 1. CrossRef

Case Report

A Case of Parainfluenza Virus Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Immune Competent Adult Patient: A Case Report: Jae Hee Lee, In Won Park, Jae Yeol Kim, Jong Wook Shin, Byoung Whui Choi, Jae Chol Choi; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2011;26(3):188-190.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2011.26.3.188

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Abstract PDF: ParaiParainfluenza virus is a common cause of respiratory illness among infants and young children. Although it causes severe pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, it seldom does this in immunocompetent adults. We report the case of a 51-year-old woman with no significant past medical history who presented acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by parainfluenza virus. The diagnosis was made based on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of a respiratory specimen. The patient was successfully treated with antiviral agent combined with steroids.

Original Article

Clinical Features of Hospitalized Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia during 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic: Myung Jae Yun, Seong Tae Lee, Hye Jin Oh, Seung June Lee, Sook Hee Song, In Sohn, Jae Phil Choi, Su Hyun Kim; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2011;26(3):162-170.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2011.26.3.162

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
A new influenza A(H1N1) virus emerged and spread globally in 2009, and the rapid progression of pneumonia often required ICU care. We describe the cause analysis and clinical aspects of community acquired pneumonia during the period of the pandemic H1N1 influenza A.
METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of 48 adult cases of community acquired pneumonia in which patients were admitted to a public health hospital in Seoul from August to November in 2009. The patients had confirmed H1N1 influenza A based on RT-PCR assay.
RESULTS
Thirteen cases of the 48 (27.1%) were 2009 H1N1 RT-PCR positive patients and three (6.3%) of these cases were mixed viral and bacterial pneumonia patients. The mean age was younger and the PSI score was lower in H1N1 patients. Chest radiographic findings of ground glass opacity and interstitial marking were remarkable in H1N1 patients. Major complication events with ICU care or death occurred in 23.1% of the H1N1 positive group and 48.6% of the H1N1 negative group (p=0.202). The major complication group of H1N1 patients had a higher PSI score, lower platelet count, higher CRP and higher mixed bacterial co-infection.
CONCLUSIONS
If patients were younger and showed a radiologic finding of interstitial marking or ground glass opacity, we could consider H1N1 influenza as the cause of community acquired pneumonia. A high PSI score, thrombocytopenia, increased CRP and bacterial co-infection were predictable factors of major complication.

Case Reports

Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Subsequently Developed after Recovery from Severe Acute Lung Injury Caused by H1N1 Influenza Infection: A Case Report: Kyung Ah Lim, Ye Rym Lee, Soo Yeon Cho, Du Hwan Choe, Jae Soo Koh, Byoung Jun Lee, Hye Ryoun Kim, Cheol Hyeon Kim, Jae Cheol Lee; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2010;25(4):271-275.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2010.25.4.271

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Abstract PDF: Severe acute lung injury (ALI), leading to respiratory failure caused by H1N1 infection, developed in a 34-year-old man during a work-up for non-small cell lung cancer. Although he fully recovered through instant treatment with oseltamivir, mechanical ventilation was required again, 7 days later, due to subsequent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Finally, his condition improved and he was able to move out of the intensive care unit. However, multiple pulmonary metastatic nodules appeared over a period of one month, suggesting the aggressive nature of lung cancer. Although he was discharged after chemotherapy, his prognosis seemed poor, considering the rapidity of growth of the lung cancer. It is important to recognize that DAH can occur after acute lung injury caused by influenza virus.

Stress-induced Cardiomyopathy Associated with Swine Influenza Infection Which Exacerbated Underlying Emphysema: A Case Report: Sung Gook Song, June Hong Kim, Kook Jin Chun, Jun Kim, Yong Hyun Park, Jeong Su Kim, Ju Hyun Park, Dong Cheul Han, Woo Hyun Cho, Doo Soo Jeon, Yun Seong Kim; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2010;25(4):245-248.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2010.25.4.245

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Abstract PDF: Stress-induced cardiomyopathy (SICM) is an acute cardiac condition that causes left ventricular apical ballooning which mimicks acute coronary syndrome. The risk of in-hospital mortality with SICM is generally low (1% to 3%) and supportive care is usually sufficient for resolution. Swine-origin influenza A (H1N1, S-OIV) is a recently spreading pandemic and a serious public health problem. Although most S-OIV infections have a mild, self-limited course, clinical cases resulting in fatalities and associated with variable co-morbidities remain as a serious concern in some individuals. Among such serious complications, there have been few reports of SICM caused by S-OIV infection. We herein report, for the first time in the literature, a case with fatal hemodynamic instability secondary to SICM caused by S-OIV infection with viral pneumonia.

Two Cases of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum Complicating Viral Pneumonia Caused by Influenza A Virus, (H1N1 Subtype): A Case Report: Jae Woong Tae, Eun Jin Kim, Woo Jin Jang, Min Jeong Kim, Hae Ri Chon, Eun Soo Jeong, Young Min Koh; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2010;25(3):163-167.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2010.25.3.163

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Abstract PDF: Influenza A virus, (H1N1 Subtype), was identified as the cause of outbreaks of febrile respiratory infection in Mexico, the US, Canada and elsewhere during the spring of 2009. In Korea, a novel virus infection showing many variable complications was also pandemic. We report two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, complicating viral pneumonia, caused by Influenza A virus, (H1N1 Subtype).

Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Subcutaneous Emphysema in Children Infected with H1N1 Virus: A Case Report: Bo Geum Choi, Hye Jung Yun, Yeo Hyang Kim, Myung Chul Hyun; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2010;25(3):155-158.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2010.25.3.155

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Abstract PDF: Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare condition in children which is triggered by respiratory infection and inflammation, although it occurs most commonly in asthmatics. It is caused by alveolar rupture and dissection of air into the mediastinum and hilum, and the prognosis is usually benign. We report two cases of SPM and subcutaneous emphysema complicating pneumonia in children with severe H1N1 infection. The patients were admitted to the intensive care unit and treated with oxygen, inhalation of a bronchodilator, intravenous systemic corticosteroid (methyprednisolone, 2 mg/kg/day for 5 days) and antibiotics, together with antiviral therapy. On day 4 after admission, there was no further evidence of SPM. SPM associated with severe H1N1 infection in children resolves with aggressive supportive care, without progression to pneumothorax. We should remain aware of this air leak complication in children with severe respiratory infection.

Original Article

Epidemiological Characteristics Based on the Underlying Diseases for the Deaths Related to Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in Korea: Hagyung Lee, Yung A Kang, Hyun Su Kim, Su Yeun Shin, Jun Heung Kim, Jin Seok Kim, Sang Bum Hong; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2010;25(2):83-88.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2010.25.2.83

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Since May 2009, a pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus has emerged and spread nationwide. We describe the epidemiological characteristics of the confirmed deaths related with the 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic in Korea from May 2009 to mid December 2009.
METHODS
This study was based on an analysis of the reports from the deaths of confirmed cases pandemic H1N1 virus until 7 December 2009 in Korea. These reports were compiled by the epidemic intelligence team at the Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC) or at the provinces. The epidemic intelligence team used an identical, well-defined investigate form for reviewing the medical records and for interviewing the physicians in charge of the cases.
RESULTS
The first confirmed death occurred on August 15, 2009. Until December 7, 2009, 139 deaths had been reported. Eighty cases (57.6%) were individuals more than 60 years old. Sixty two cases (47.0%) were dead within 7 days from the onset of symptoms. One hundred three cases (74%) had underlying diseases, and cancer was the most common underlying disease. The proportion of patients using antivial medications before confirmation among the patients with underlying diseases was greater than the proportion of patients using antivial medications among the patients with no underlying diseases.
CONCLUSIONS
During the evaluation period, serious underlying diseases were present in nearly three quarters of the cases of confirmed death. We suggest that health providers consider using antiviral drugs before confirmation of pandemic H1N1 in hospitalized patients, and especially in those with underlying diseases.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Clinical Features of Hospitalized Patients with Community Acquired Pneumonia during 2009 Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic
Myung Jae Yun, Seong Tae Lee, Hye Jin Oh, Seung June Lee, Sook Hee Song, In Sohn, Jae Phil Choi, Su Hyun Kim
The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2011; 26(3): 162. CrossRef
Pandemic Influenza (H1N1 2009) among Pregnant Korean Women
Baek-Nam Kim, Yee Gyung Kwak, Chi-Sook Moon, Yeon-Sook Kim, Eu Suk Kim, Kkot Sil Lee, Chang-Seop Lee, Ji-An Hur
Infection & Chemotherapy.2011; 43(1): 55. CrossRef
A Fatal Case in Pregnant Woman Infected by H1N1 2009 in Korea
Ji An Hur
Infection and Chemotherapy.2011; 43(2): 225. CrossRef

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