In cardiac arrest, if the initial rhythm is ventricular fibrillation (VF) or pulseless ventricular tachycardia, the survival rates are high and good neurologic outcomes are expected. However, the mortality rate increases when refractory ventricular fibrillation (RVF) occurs. We report a case of RVF that was successfully resuscitated with double sequence defibrillation (DSD). A 51-year-old man visited the emergency department with chest pain. The initial electrocardiography showed markedly elevated ST-segment on V1–V5 leads, and VF arrest occurred. Although 10 defibrillations were administered over 20 minutes, there was no response. Two rounds of DSD were performed by placing additional pads on the patient’s anterior-posterior areas and sequentially applying the maximum energy setting. The patient returned to spontaneous circulation and was discharged with cerebral performance category 1 after 14 days of hospital admission. Therefore, DSD could be an option for treatment and termination of RVF.
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Keep shocking: Double sequential defibrillation for refractory ventricular fibrillation Ahmed Kamal Mohamed, Mohamed Shakaib Nayaz, Ali Nawaz, Carl B Kapadia The American Journal of Emergency Medicine.2023; 63: 178.e5. CrossRef
Cardiac arrest associated with hyperkalemia during red blood cell transfusion is a rare but fatal complication. Herein, we report a case of transfusion-associated cardiac arrest following the initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in a 9-month old infant. Her serum potassium level was increased to 9.0 mEq/L, soon after the newly primed circuit with pre-stored red blood cell (RBC) was started and followed by sudden cardiac arrest. Eventually, circulation was restored and the potassium level decreased to 5.1 mEq/L after 5 min. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) priming is a relatively massive transfusion into a pediatric patient. Thus, to prevent cardiac arrest during blood-primed ECMO in neonates and infants, freshly irradiated and washed RBCs should be used when priming the ECMO circuit, to minimize the potassium concentration. Also, physicians should be aware of all possible complications associated with transfusions during ECMO.
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Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease, transfusion-associated hyperkalemia, and potassium filtration: advancing safety and sufficiency of the blood supply Kenneth E. Nollet, Alain M. Ngoma, Hitoshi Ohto Transfusion and Apheresis Science.2022; 61(2): 103408. CrossRef
Transfusion-Associated Hyperkalemic Cardiac Arrest in Neonatal, Infant, and Pediatric Patients Morgan Burke, Pranava Sinha, Naomi L. C. Luban, Nikki Gillum Posnack Frontiers in Pediatrics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Double-filtered leukoreduction as a method for risk reduction of transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease Sejong Chun, Minh-Trang Thi Phan, Saetbyul Hong, Jehoon Yang, Yeup Yoon, Sangbin Han, Jungwon Kang, Mark H. Yazer, Jaehyun Kim, Duck Cho, Senthilnathan Palaniyandi PLOS ONE.2020; 15(3): e0229724. CrossRef
Anticoagulation Therapy during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Support in Pediatric Patients Hwa Jin Cho, Do Wan Kim, Gwan Sic Kim, In Seok Jeong Chonnam Medical Journal.2017; 53(2): 110. CrossRef
Blood Transfusion Strategies in Patients Supported by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Yoon Hee Kim The Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2015; 30(3): 139. CrossRef