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Original Article
Cardiology/Neurology
Efficacy of Electroencephalographic Monitoring for the Evaluation of Intracranial Injury during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support in Neonates and Infants
In Seok Jeong, Young Jong Woo, Do Wan Kim, Nan Yeol Kim, Hwa Jin Cho, Jae Sook Ma
Korean J Crit Care Med. 2014;29(2):70-76.   Published online May 31, 2014
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2014.29.2.70
  • 4,807 View
  • 42 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background
Neurological complications are a serious concern during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support in neonates and infants. However, evaluating brain injury during ECMO has limitations. Herein, we report our experience with bedside electroencephalographic monitoring during ECMO support and compared this to post-ECMO brain imaging studies and immediate neurologic outcomes.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data for 18 children who underwent ECMO. From these subjects, we reviewed the medical records of 10 subjects who underwent bedside EEG monitoring during ECMO support. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical details of the ECMO course, electroencephalographic monitoring, brain imaging results, and neurologic outcomes.
Results
The median age was 4 months (range: 7 days-22 months), the median weight was 5 (3.6-12) kg, and the median length of ECMO therapy was 86 (27-206) hours. Eight patients (80%) were weaned successfully, and seven (70%) survived to discharge. Those with normal to mildly abnormal electroencephalographic findings had non-specific to mildly abnormal brain computed tomography findings and no neurologic impairment. Those patients with a moderately to severely abnormal electroencephalograph had markedly abnormal brain computed tomography findings and remained neurologically impaired.
Conclusions
Normal electroencephalographic findings are closely related to normal or mild neurologic impairment. Our results indicate that electroencephalographic monitoring during ECMO support can be a feasible tool for evaluating brain injury although further prospective studies are needed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Neurological monitoring in ECMO patients: current state of practice, challenges and lessons
    Hassan Aboul-Nour, Ammar Jumah, Hafsa Abdulla, Amreeta Sharma, Bradley Howell, Namita Jayaprakash, Jayna Gardner-Gray
    Acta Neurologica Belgica.2023; 123(2): 341.     CrossRef
  • Neurological Monitoring and Complications of Pediatric Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support
    Ahmed S. Said, Kristin P. Guilliams, Melania M. Bembea
    Pediatric Neurology.2020; 108: 31.     CrossRef
Case Reports
Fatal Left Ventricular Thrombosis in an Infant Receiving Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Support: A Case Report
Hwa Jin Cho, Byung Young Kim, Eun Song Song, Sang Gi Oh, Bong Suk Oh, In Seok Jeong
Korean J Crit Care Med. 2013;28(2):123-126.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2013.28.2.123
  • 3,023 View
  • 16 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Thromboembolism in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support is a feared complication. Systemic anticoagulation during ECMO in patients with a massively dilated left ventricle (LV) and decreased LV systolic function is still debated. Hearin, we report a case of a 5-month old infant on ECMO support who had fatal thrombus formation in the massively dilated LV and a consequent thromboembolic event.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time Versus Anti-Factor Xa Monitoring of Heparin Anticoagulation in Adult Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Patients
    Caitlin E. Kulig, Kendra J. Schomer, Hugh B. Black, William E. Dager
    ASAIO Journal.2021; 67(4): 411.     CrossRef
  • Anticoagulation Therapy during Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator Support in Pediatric Patients
    Hwa Jin Cho, Do Wan Kim, Gwan Sic Kim, In Seok Jeong
    Chonnam Medical Journal.2017; 53(2): 110.     CrossRef
Cerebral Ischemic Stroke in an Infant with Acute Myocarditis: A Case Report
Ga Hyun Lee, Yeo Hyang Kim
Korean J Crit Care Med. 2013;28(2):119-122.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2013.28.2.119
  • 2,595 View
  • 23 Download
AbstractAbstract PDF
A 9-month-old infant presented with cough, tachypnea, and grunting was admitted. The patient was revealed to have cardiomegaly, high NT-proBNP, and severe left ventricular dilation and dysfunction; she was subsequently diagnosed with acute myocarditis and congestive heart failure. Intravenous immunoglobulin, inotropics, diuretics, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and beta blocker were used. However, left hemiparesis suddenly developed at 30-day after treatment. Brain MRI showed high signal intensity in the right middle cerebral arterial territory on diffusion weighted brain MRI and in the left parietal lobe with gyral enhancement. Echocardiogram revealed no definite intraventricular thrombus. The patient was started on an antiplatelet agent only without anticoagulant therapy for the treatment of cerebral infarct in respect of the risk to the infant. Four years after the cerebral ischemic stroke (CIS), she showed complete recovery from hemiparesis, with no more CIS. In conclusion, severe ventricular dilatation and dysfunction can lead to thromboembolic events in infants. We should keep in mind that anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents can be used in specific situations.

ACC : Acute and Critical Care