Acute and Critical Care

Erratum

Pulmonary
Erratum to “Utilization of pain and sedation therapy on noninvasive mechanical ventilation in Korean intensive care units: a multi-center prospective observational study”: Taehee Kim, Jung Soo Kim, Eun Young Choi, Youjin Chang, Won-Il Choi, Jae-Joon Hwang, Jae Young Moon, Kwangha Lee, Sei Won Kim, Hyung Koo Kang, Yun Su Sim, Tai Sun Park, Seung Yong Park, Sunghoon Park, Jae Hwa Cho; Acute Crit Care. 2021;36(2):172-172. Published online May 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2020.00164.e1; Corrects: Acute Crit Care 2020;35(4):255

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Original Article

Pulmonary
Utilization of pain and sedation therapy on noninvasive mechanical ventilation in Korean intensive care units: a multi-center prospective observational study: Taehee Kim, Jung Soo Kim, Eun Young Choi, Youjin Chang, Won-Il Choi, Jae-Joon Hwang, Jae Young Moon, Kwangha Lee, Sei Won Kim, Hyung Koo Kang, Yun Su Sim, Tai Sun Park, Seung Yong Park, Sunghoon Park, Jae Hwa Cho; Acute Crit Care. 2020;35(4):255-262. Published online November 9, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2020.00164; Correction in: Acute Crit Care 2021;36(2):172

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Background
The use of sedative drugs may be an important therapeutic intervention during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in intensive care units (ICUs). The purpose of this study was to assess the current application of analgosedation in NIV and its impact on clinical outcomes in Korean ICUs.
Methods
Twenty Korean ICUs participated in the study, and data was collected on NIV use during the period between June 2017 and February 2018. Demographic data from all adult patients, NIV clinical parameters, and hospital mortality were included.
Results
A total of 155 patients treated with NIV in the ICUs were included, of whom 26 received pain and sedation therapy (sedation group) and 129 did not (control group). The primary cause of ICU admission was due to acute exacerbation of obstructed lung disease (45.7%) in the control group and pneumonia treatment (53.8%) in the sedation group. In addition, causes of NIV application included acute hypercapnic respiratory failure in the control group (62.8%) and post-extubation respiratory failure in the sedation group (57.7%). Arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels before and after 2 hours of NIV treatment were significantly decreased in both groups: from 61.9±23.8 mm Hg to 54.9±17.6 mm Hg in the control group (P<0.001) and from 54.9±15.1 mm Hg to 51.1±15.1 mm Hg in the sedation group (P=0.048). No significant differences were observed in the success rate of NIV weaning, complications, length of ICU stay, ICU survival rate, or hospital survival rate between the groups.
Conclusions
In NIV patients, analgosedation therapy may have no harmful effects on complications, NIV weaning success, and mortality compared to the control group. Therefore, sedation during NIV may not be unsafe and can be used in patients for pain control when indicated.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

2021 KSCCM clinical practice guidelines for pain, agitation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disturbance in the intensive care unit
Yijun Seo, Hak-Jae Lee, Eun Jin Ha, Tae Sun Ha
Acute and Critical Care.2022; 37(1): 1. CrossRef
Comfort During Non-invasive Ventilation
Gianmaria Cammarota, Rachele Simonte, Edoardo De Robertis
Frontiers in Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Current status of treatment of acute respiratory failure in Korea
Yong Jun Choi, Jae Hwa Cho
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(3): 124. CrossRef
Treatment of acute respiratory failure: noninvasive mechanical ventilation
Sunghoon Park
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(3): 144. CrossRef
Dexmedetomidine-Induced Aortic Contraction Involves Transactivation of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Rats
Soo Hee Lee, Seong-Chun Kwon, Seong-Ho Ok, Seung Hyun Ahn, Sung Il Bae, Ji-Yoon Kim, Yeran Hwang, Kyeong-Eon Park, Mingu Kim, Ju-Tae Sohn
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(8): 4320. CrossRef

Guideline

Pulmonary
Clinical Practice Guideline of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Young-Jae Cho, Jae Young Moon, Ein-Soon Shin, Je Hyeong Kim, Hoon Jung, So Young Park, Ho Cheol Kim, Yun Su Sim, Chin Kook Rhee, Jaemin Lim, Seok Jeong Lee, Won-Yeon Lee, Hyun Jeong Lee, Sang Hyun Kwak, Eun Kyeong Kang, Kyung Soo Chung, Won-Il Choi, The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Consensus Group; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2016;31(2):76-100. Published online May 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.31.2.76

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Abstract PDF

There is no well-stated practical guideline for mechanically ventilated patients with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We generate strong (1) and weak (2) grade of recommendations based on high (A), moderate (B) and low (C) grade in the quality of evidence. In patients with ARDS, we recommend low tidal volume ventilation (1A) and prone position if it is not contraindicated (1B) to reduce their mortality. However, we did not support high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (1B) and inhaled nitric oxide (1A) as a standard treatment. We also suggest high positive end-expiratory pressure (2B), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a rescue therapy (2C), and neuromuscular blockage for 48 hours after starting mechanical ventilation (2B). The application of recruitment maneuver may reduce mortality (2B), however, the use of systemic steroids cannot reduce mortality (2B). In mechanically ventilated patients, we recommend light sedation (1B) and low tidal volume even without ARDS (1B) and suggest lung protective ventilation strategy during the operation to lower the incidence of lung complications including ARDS (2B). Early tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated patients can be performed only in limited patients (2A). In conclusion, of 12 recommendations, nine were in the management of ARDS, and three for mechanically ventilated patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Predicting factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit stay of patients with COVID-19
Won Ho Han, Jae Hoon Lee, June Young Chun, Young Ju Choi, Youseok Kim, Mira Han, Jee Hee Kim
Acute and Critical Care.2023; 38(1): 41. CrossRef
Treatment of acute respiratory failure: invasive mechanical ventilation
Young Sam Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(3): 151. CrossRef
Treatment of acute respiratory failure: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Jin-Young Kim, Sang-Bum Hong
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(3): 157. CrossRef
Prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in acute respiratory distress syndrome – Authors' reply
Rob Mac Sweeney, Daniel F McAuley
The Lancet.2017; 389(10078): 1516. CrossRef
Prolonged Glucocorticoid Treatment in ARDS: Impact on Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness
Gianfranco Umberto Meduri, Andreas Schwingshackl, Greet Hermans
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Surgery
Clinical Outcome and Prognosis of Patients Admitted to the Surgical ICU after Abdomen Surgery: Yun Su Sim, Jin Hwa Lee, Jung Hyun Chang, Yon Ju Ryu; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(1):1-7. Published online February 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.1.1

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Background
Postoperative admission to the surgical intensive care unit (S-ICU) is commonly planned to prevent and treat complications, unnecessary admission to the S-ICU increases medical costs and length of hospital stay. This study aimed evaluated outcome and the predictive factors for mortality in patients admitted to the S-ICU after abdominal surgery. Methods: The 168 patients admitted to the S-ICU immediately after abdominal surgery were reviewed retrospectively from January to December 2011. Results: The mortality rate of patients admitted to the S-ICU after abdominal surgery was 8.9% (15 of 168). Two preoperative factors (body mass index [BMI] < 18.5 kg/m2 [p < 0.001] and serum albumin < 3.0 g/dL [p = 0.018]), two operative factors (the need for transfusion [p = 0.008] or vasopressors [p = 0.013] during surgery), and three postoperative variables (mechanical ventilation immediately following surgery [p < 0.001], sequential organ failure assessment [p = 0.001] and SAPS II [p = 0.001] score) were associated with mortality in univariate analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, and SAPS II by a Cox regression, which revealed that BMI < 18.5 kg/m2 (p < 0.001, hazard ratio [HR] 9.690, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.990-25.258) and the use of mechanical ventilation on admission to S-ICU (p < 0.001, HR 34.671, 95% CI 6.440-186.649) were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions: In patients in S-ICU after abdominal surgery, low BMI and postsurgical mechanical ventilation should be considered important predictors of mortality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The Effect of Organ System Surgery on Intensive Care Unit Mortality in a Cohort of Critically Ill Surgical Patients
Anastasiya Shchatsko, Laura N. Purcell, Christopher J. Tignanelli, Anthony Charles
The American Surgeon.2021; 87(8): 1230. CrossRef

The Consistency and Clinical Significance between Bronchoscopic Samples and Endotracheal or Tracheostomic Aspirates in Severe Pneumonia Under Mechanical Ventilation: Hye Sung Park, Seo Woo Kim, Yun Su Sim, Ji Hye Kim, Yon Ju Ryu, Jin Hwa Lee, Jung Hyun Chang; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2011;26(2):83-88.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2011.26.2.83

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Distal airway bacterial colonization occurs more frequently in patients with endotracheal tubes or tracheostomy of intensive care units (ICU) care. In general, bronchoscopic samples are considered more accurate than transtracheal aspirates. In this study, we evaluated the consistency and clinical significance between bronchoscopic samples and transtracheal aspirates (TTA) in severe pneumonia under mechanical ventilation.
METHODS
We investigated the consistency between bronchoscopic samples and transtracheal aspirates among patients with endotracheal tubes or tracheostomy, retrospectively. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 212 patients with mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube or tracheostomy between January 1st, 2004 and December 31th, 2008 in ICU at Ewha Womans University Hospital. We evaluated consistency in terms of true pathogen according to the arbitrary ICU days progress.
RESULTS
Among the 212 enrolled patients, 113 (53%) had consistency between bronchoscopic samples and transtracheal aspirates. When evaluated alteration trends in consistency according to ICU stay, the consistency was maintained for 5 to 9 ICU days with statistical significance (p< 0.05) since adjusting for age, sex, and combined risk factors. Consistency in sampling status between the endotracheal tube and tracheostomy was also evaluated, however, there was no statistical significance (OR 1.9 vs. 1, 95% CI = 0.997-3.582, p = 0.051).
CONCLUSIONS
Shorter hospital stay (within 9 days of ICU stay) had higher probability of consistency between bronchoscopic samples and TTA samples. TTA may be as confident as bronchoscopic samples in patients of pneumonia under mechanical ventilation with shorter ICU stays, especially less than 10 days.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of the Pattern in Semi-Quantitative Sputum Cultures Based on Different Endotracheal Suction Techniques
Jiwoong Oh, Kum Whang, Hyenho Jung, Jongtaek Park
Korean Journal of Critical Care Medicine.2012; 27(2): 70. CrossRef

Lactate Clearance and Outcome in Septic Shock Patients with Low Level of Initial Lactate: Yun Su Sim, Cho Rom Hahm, So Yeon Lim, Gee Young Suh, Kyeongman Jeon; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2011;26(2):78-82.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2011.26.2.78

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Serum lactate is a potentially useful biomarker to risk-stratify patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. However, there are only a few studies on the association of serum lactate levels and prognosis in septic shock patients with initial low lactate levels.
METHODS
To evaluate whether initial and follow-up lactate levels associated with mortality in septic shock patients with low lactate level, we conducted a retrospective observational study of patients with septic shock, who were hospitalized through the emergency department in February-July 2008. Initial lactate level was stratified as low (<4 mmol/L) or high (> or =4 mmol/L). The primary outcome was 28-day mortality and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to adjust for potential confounders in the association between lactate clearance and mortality.
RESULTS
Of 90 patients hospitalized with septic shock during the study period, 68 (76%) patients had low initial lactate. Mortality at 28 days was 18% in patients with low lactate level. In these patients, initial lactate level was not associated with mortality (p = 0.590). However, increased lactate at follow-up and lactate clearance were associated with mortality (p = 0.006, p = 0.002, respectively). In a multiple logistic regression analysis, increased mortality rate independently associated with age (OR 1.162, 95% CI 1.041-1.298) and lactate clearance (OR 0.654, 95% CI 0.498-0.859).
CONCLUSIONS
In septic shock patients with a low lactate level, lactate clearance independently associated with a decreased mortality rate. Therefore, lactate clearance could be useful for predicting the outcome in these patients.

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