Acute and Critical Care

Original Articles

Cardiology
Predictors and outcomes of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy in critically ill patients: Myung Jin Song, Sang Hoon Lee, Ah Young Leem, Song Yee Kim, Kyung Soo Chung, Eun Young Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Young Ae Kang, Young Sam Kim, Joon Chang, Moo Suk Park; Acute Crit Care. 2020;35(2):67-76. Published online May 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2020.00024

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Background
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy (SIC) occurs frequently in critically ill patients, but the clinical features and prognostic impact of SIC on sepsis outcome remain controversial. Here, we investigated the predictors and outcomes of SIC.
Methods
Patients admitted to a single medical intensive care unit from June 2016 to September 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. SIC was diagnosed by ejection fraction (EF) <50% and ≥10% decrease in baseline EF that recovered within 2 weeks.
Results
In total, 342 patients with sepsis met the inclusion criteria, and 49 patients (14.3%) were diagnosed with SIC; the latter were compared with 259 patients whose EF was not deteriorated by sepsis (non-SIC). Low systolic blood pressure and increased left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) were identified as predictors of SIC. SIC and non-SIC patients did not differ significantly in terms of 28-day all-cause mortality (24.5% vs. 26.3%, P=0.936). Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II; hazard ratio [HR], 1.10; 95% confidential interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.18; P=0.009) and delta neutrophil index (DNI; HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00 to 1.08; P=0.026) were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality with SIC. DNI, APACHE II, and lactate were identified as risk factors for 28-day mortality in sepsis patients as a whole.
Conclusions
SIC was not associated with increased mortality compared to non-SIC. Low systolic blood pressure and increased LVEDD were predictors of SIC. High APACHE II score and elevated DNI, which reflect sepsis severity, predict 28-day all-cause mortality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Testosterone and soluble ST2 as mortality predictive biomarkers in male patients with sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy
Lu Wang, Wen Dai, Ruiyao Zhu, Tingting Long, Zhaocai Zhang, Zhenju Song, Sucheng Mu, Shasha Wang, Huijuan Wang, Jiaxi Lei, Jing Zhang, Wenfang Xia, Guang Li, Wenwei Gao, Handong Zou, Yan Li, Liying Zhan
Frontiers in Medicine.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Meta-Analysis of Initial Natriuretic Peptides in the Setting of Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction
Boyong He, Xin Wang, Liguo Shi, Hongbin Cheng, Luyi Zhao
Biomarkers in Medicine.2024; 18(4): 145. CrossRef
Prevalence and Prognosis of Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Daisuke Hasegawa, Yoshiko Ishisaka, Tetsuro Maeda, Narut Prasitlumkum, Kazuki Nishida, Siddharth Dugar, Ryota Sato
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine.2023; 38(9): 797. CrossRef
Research Progress on the Mechanism and Management of Septic Cardiomyopathy: A Comprehensive Review
Xue-Bin Pei, Bo Liu, Maciej Dyrbuś
Emergency Medicine International.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
Biomarkers to Predict Multiorgan Distress Syndrome and Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Surgical Patients
In Sik Shin, Da Kyung Kim, Sanghyun An, Sung Chan Gong, Moo Hyun Kim, Md Habibur Rahman, Cheol-Su Kim, Joon Hyeong Sohn, Kwangmin Kim, Hoon Ryu
Medicina.2023; 59(12): 2054. CrossRef
Risk factors of postoperative septic cardiomyopathy in perioperative sepsis patients
Yuchang Xin, Ying Ge, Liuhui Chang, Yong Ni, Hairui Liu, Jiang Zhu
BMC Anesthesiology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of milrinone versus placebo on hemodynamic in patients with septic shock: A randomize control trial
Suratee Chobngam, Surat Tongyoo
Clinical Critical Care.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yu-Min Lin, Mei-Chuan Lee, Han Siong Toh, Wei-Ting Chang, Sih-Yao Chen, Fang-Hsiu Kuo, Hsin-Ju Tang, Yi-Ming Hua, Dongmei Wei, Jesus Melgarejo, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Chia-Te Liao
Annals of Intensive Care.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Association of Sepsis-Induced Cardiomyopathy and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Yu-Min Lin, Mei-Chuan Lee, Han Siong Toh, Wei-Ting Chang, Sih-Yao Chen, Fang-Hsiu Kuo, Hsin-Ju Tang, Yi-Ming Hua, Dongmei Wei, Jesus Melgarejo, Zhen-Yu Zhang, Chia-Te Liao
SSRN Electronic Journal .2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is associated with higher mortality rates in patients with sepsis
Balaram Krishna J Hanumanthu, Anika Sasidharan Nair, Adarsh Katamreddy, Jason S Gilbert, Jee Young You, Obiageli Lynda Offor, Ankit Kushwaha, Ankita Krishnan, Marzio Napolitano, Leonidas Palaidimos, Joaquin Morante, Seema S. Tekwani, Suchita Mehta, Aancha
Acute and Critical Care.2021; 36(3): 215. CrossRef
The Correlation Between Whole Blood Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) Levels and Cu/Zn Ratio and Sepsis-Induced Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction (SILVSD) in Patients with Septic Shock: A Single-Center Prospective Observational Study
Jian-Biao Meng, Ma-Hong Hu, Ming Zhang, Gong-Pai Hu, Wei Zhang, Shen-Jiang Hu
International Journal of General Medicine.2021; Volume 14: 7219. CrossRef

Liver
The role of bilirubin to albumin ratio as a predictor for mortality in critically ill patients without existing liver or biliary tract disease: Ji Soo Choi, Kyung Soo Chung, Eun Hye Lee, Su Hwan Lee, Sang Hoon Lee, Song Yee Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Young Ae Kang, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Joon Chang, Ah Young Leem; Acute Crit Care. 2020;35(1):24-30. Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.2019.00738

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Abstract PDF

Background
Hyperbilirubinemia and hypoalbuminemia are frequently appeared and associated with poor prognosis in critically ill patients. We aim to evaluate the association between the bilirubin to albumin ratio and prognosis in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: This was a retrospective study of 731 patients who were admitted to the medical intensive care unit (MICU) at a tertiary-care center from July 2015 to September 2017. We analyzed the bilirubin to albumin ratio on admission to the MICU, including clinical characteristics and other examinations. Results: The overall 28-day survival of MICU patients was 69.1%. On univariate analysis, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score (P<0.001), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (P<0.001), Simplified Acute Physiology Score II score (P<0.001), Creactive protein (P=0.015), and bilirubin/albumin ratio (P<0.001) were associated with mortality of ICU patients. The receiver operating characteristic curves for ICU patients mortality between bilirubin to albumin ratio and APACHE II score were not statistically significant (P=0.282). On multivariate analysis, higher APACHE II score (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.06; P<0.001) and bilirubin to albumin ratio (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.20; P=0.001) were independently related to the ICU patient mortality. Conclusions: A higher bilirubin to albumin ratio was related to the unfavorable prognosis and mortality in critically ill patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Toxicological Evaluation of Kaempferol and Linearolactone as Treatments for Amoebic Liver Abscess Development in Mesocricetus auratus
Luis Varela-Rodríguez, Fernando Calzada, José Velázquez-Domínguez, Verónica Hernández-Ramírez, Hugo Varela-Rodríguez, Elihú Bautista, Mayra Herrera-Martínez, Diana Pichardo-Hernández, Rodrigo Castellanos-Mijangos, Bibiana Chávez-Munguía, Patricia Talamás-
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(19): 10633. CrossRef
Role of serum bilirubin-to-albumin ratio as a prognostic index in critically ill children
You Min Kang, Ga Eun Kim, Mireu Park, Jong Deok Kim, Min Jung Kim, Yoon Hee Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Myung Hyun Son, Soo Yeon Kim
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics.2023; 66(2): 85. CrossRef
Association between total bilirubin/Albumin ratio and all-cause mortality in acute kidney injury patients: A retrospective cohort study
Ximei Huang, Yunhua Huang, Min Chen, Lin Liao, Faquan Lin, Eranga Sanjeewa Wijewickrama
PLOS ONE.2023; 18(11): e0287485. CrossRef
The value of albumin-related ratios in predicting disease severity and mortality in acute cholangitis
Bayram YEŞİL, Bünyamin SEVİM
Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine.2023; 6(6): 1244. CrossRef
Hepatic dysfunction in critically ill patients
Jeong Hoon Yang
Acute and Critical Care.2020; 35(1): 44. CrossRef

Infection
Implications of Plasma Renin Activity and Plasma Aldosterone Concentration in Critically Ill Patients with Septic Shock: Kyung Soo Chung, Joo Han Song, Won Jai Jung, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Moo Suk Park; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2017;32(2):142-153. Published online May 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2017.00094

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Background
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is closely associated with volume status and vascular tone in septic shock. The present study aimed to assess whether plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) measurements compared with conventional severity indicators are associated with mortality in patients with septic shock.
Methods
We evaluated 105 patients who were admitted for septic shock. Plasma levels of the biomarkers PRA and PAC, the PAC/PRA ratio, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and cortisol level on days 1, 3, and 7 were serially measured. During the intensive care unit stay, relevant clinical information and laboratory results were recorded.
Results
Patients were divided into two groups according to 28-day mortality: survivors (n = 59) and non-survivors (n = 46). The survivor group showed lower PRA, PAC, Acute Physiologic and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score than did the non-survivor group (all P < 0.05). The SOFA score was positively correlated with PRA (r = 0.373, P < 0.001) and PAC (r = 0.316, P = 0.001). According to receiver operating characteristic analysis, the areas under the curve of PRA and PAC to predict 28-day mortality were 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58 to 0.79; P = 0.001) and 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56 to 0.77; P = 0.003), respectively, similar to the APACHE II scores and SOFA scores. In particular, the group with PRA value ≥3.5 ng ml^-1 h^-1 on day 1 showed significantly greater mortality than did the group with PRA value <3.5 ng ml^-1 h^-1 (log-rank test, P < 0.001). According to multivariate analysis, SOFA score (hazard ratio, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.22), PRA value ≥3.5 ng ml^-1 h^-1 (hazard ratio, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.60 to 6.60), previous history of cancer (hazard ratio, 3.44; 95% CI, 1.72 to 6.90), and coronary arterial occlusive disease (hazard ratio, 2.99; 95% CI, 1.26 to 7.08) were predictors of 28-day mortality.
Conclusions
Elevated PRA is a useful biomarker to stratify the risk of critically ill patients with septic shock and is a prognostic predictor of 28-day mortality.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Shock prediction with dipeptidyl peptidase-3 and renin (SPiDeR) in hypoxemic patients with COVID-19
Laurence W. Busse, J. Pedro Teixeira, Christopher L. Schaich, Caitlin C. ten Lohuis, Nathan D. Nielsen, Jeffrey M. Sturek, Lisa H. Merck, Wesley H. Self, Michael A. Puskarich, Akram Khan, Matthew W. Semler, Ari Moskowitz, David N. Hager, Abhijit Duggal, T
Journal of Critical Care.2025; 85: 154950. CrossRef
Higher circulating ACE2 and DPP3 but reduced ACE and angiotensinogen in hyperreninemic sepsis patients
Mark C. Chappell, Christopher L. Schaich, Laurence W. Busse, D. Clark Files, Greg S. Martin, Jonathan E. Sevransky, Jeremiah S. Hinson, Richard E. Rothman, Ashish K. Khanna
Clinical Science.2025; 139(1): 43. CrossRef
Association of Active Renin Content With Mortality in Critically Ill Patients: A Post hoc Analysis of the Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Steroids in Sepsis (VICTAS) Trial*
Laurence W. Busse, Christopher L. Schaich, Mark C. Chappell, Michael T. McCurdy, Erin M. Staples, Caitlin C. Ten Lohuis, Jeremiah S. Hinson, Jonathan E. Sevransky, Richard E. Rothman, David W. Wright, Greg S. Martin, Ashish K. Khanna
Critical Care Medicine.2024; 52(3): 441. CrossRef
Renin as a Prognostic and Predictive Biomarker in Sepsis: More Questions Than Answers?*
Emily J. See, James A. Russell, Rinaldo Bellomo, Patrick R. Lawler
Critical Care Medicine.2024; 52(3): 509. CrossRef
Dysfunction of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in human septic shock
Christopher L. Schaich, Daniel E. Leisman, Marcia B. Goldberg, Micheal R. Filbin, Ashish K. Khanna, Mark C. Chappell
Peptides.2024; 176: 171201. CrossRef
Kidney Blood Flow and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Measurements Associated With Kidney and Cardiovascular Dysfunction in Pediatric Shock
Grace Fisler, Kristina Murphy, Fiore Mastroianni, James B. Schneider, Clifford S. Deutschman, Daniel E. Leisman, Matthew D. Taylor
Critical Care Explorations.2024; 6(8): e1134. CrossRef
Renin in critically ill patients
Yuki Kotani, Mark Chappell, Giovanni Landoni, Alexander Zarbock, Rinaldo Bellomo, Ashish K. Khanna
Annals of Intensive Care.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Renin Concentration and Renin Activity in Predicting Mortality and Kidney Outcomes in Patients With Septic Shock and Hypoperfusion or Hypotension: A Multicenter, Prospective, Observational Study
Gun Tak Lee, Byuk Sung Ko, Da Seul Kim, Minha Kim, Jong Eun Park, Sung Yeon Hwang, Daun Jeong, Chi Ryang Chung, Hyunggoo Kang, Jaehoon Oh, Tae Ho Lim, Bora Chae, Won Young Kim, Tae Gun Shin
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2024; 44(6): 497. CrossRef
Blood urea nitrogen - independent marker of mortality in sepsis
Martin Harazim, Kaiquan Tan, Marek Nalos, Martin Matejovic
Biomedical Papers.2023; 167(1): 24. CrossRef
Critically ill children with septic shock: time to rediscover renin?
Isabella Guzzo, Fabio Paglialonga
Pediatric Nephrology.2023; 38(9): 2907. CrossRef
The role of proadrenomedullin, interleukin 6 and CD64 in the diagnosis and prognosis of septic shock
Yasemin Bozkurt Turan
BMC Anesthesiology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Renin as a Prognostic Marker in Intensive Care and Perioperative Settings: A Scoping Review
Yuki Kotani, Alessandro Belletti, Giacomo Maiucci, Martina Lodovici, Stefano Fresilli, Giovanni Landoni, Rinaldo Bellomo, Alexander Zarbock
Anesthesia & Analgesia.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Renin Kinetics Are Superior to Lactate Kinetics for Predicting In-Hospital Mortality in Hypotensive Critically Ill Patients*
Maniraj Jeyaraju, Michael T. McCurdy, Andrea R. Levine, Prasad Devarajan, Michael A. Mazzeffi, Kristin E. Mullins, Michaella Reif, David N. Yim, Christopher Parrino, Allison S. Lankford, Jonathan H. Chow
Critical Care Medicine.2022; 50(1): 50. CrossRef
Mechanisms of Post-critical Illness Cardiovascular Disease
Andrew Owen, Jaimin M. Patel, Dhruv Parekh, Mansoor N. Bangash
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Renin as a Marker of Tissue Perfusion, Septic Shock and Mortality in Septic Patients: A Prospective Observational Study
Patrycja Leśnik, Lidia Łysenko, Małgorzata Krzystek-Korpacka, Ewa Woźnica-Niesobska, Magdalena Mierzchała-Pasierb, Jarosław Janc
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(16): 9133. CrossRef
Angiotensin II and Vasopressin for Vasodilatory Shock: A Critical Appraisal of Catecholamine-Sparing Strategies
Mojdeh S. Heavner, Michael T. McCurdy, Michael A. Mazzeffi, Samuel M. Galvagno, Kenichi A. Tanaka, Jonathan H. Chow
Journal of Intensive Care Medicine.2021; 36(6): 635. CrossRef
Treatment of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Dysfunction With Angiotensin II in High-Renin Septic Shock
Jonathan H. Chow, Marianne Wallis, Allison S. Lankford, Zackary Chancer, Rolf N. Barth, Joseph R. Scalea, John C. LaMattina, Michael A. Mazzeffi, Michael T. McCurdy
Seminars in Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia.2021; 25(1): 67. CrossRef
Good clinical practice for the use of vasopressor and inotropic drugs in critically ill patients: state-of-the-art and expert consensus
Andrea CARSETTI, Elena BIGNAMI, Andrea CORTEGIANI, Katia DONADELLO, Abele DONATI, Giuseppe FOTI, Giacomo GRASSELLI, Stefano ROMAGNOLI, Massimo ANTONELLI, Elvio DE BLASIO, Francesco FORFORI, Fabio GUARRACINO, Sabino SCOLLETTA, Luigi TRITAPEPE, Luigia SCUDE
Minerva Anestesiologica.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Use of Angiotensin II in Severe Vasoplegia After Left Pneumonectomy Requiring Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Renin Response Analysis
Brian Trethowan, Christopher J. Michaud, Sarah Fifer
Critical Care Medicine.2020; 48(10): e912. CrossRef
Renin as a Marker of Tissue-Perfusion and Prognosis in Critically Ill Patients*
Patrick J. Gleeson, Ilaria Alice Crippa, Wasineenart Mongkolpun, Federica Zama Cavicchi, Tess Van Meerhaeghe, Serge Brimioulle, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Jean-Louis Vincent, Jacques Creteur
Critical Care Medicine.2019; 47(2): 152. CrossRef

Rapid response system
A Pilot Study of the Effectiveness of Medical Emergency System Implementation at a Single Center in Korea: Su Hwan Lee, Ah Young Leem, Youngok Nho, Young Ah Kim, Kyung Duck Kim, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Kyung Soo Chung; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2017;32(2):133-141. Published online May 16, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.01011

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Abstract PDF

Background
An automatic alarm system was developed was developed for unexpected vital sign instability in admitted patients to reduce staffing needs and costs related to rapid response teams. This was a pilot study of the automatic alarm system, the medical emergency system (MES), and the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the MES before expanding this system to all departments.
Methods
This retrospective, observational study compared the performance of patients admitted to the pulmonary department at a single center using patient data from three 3-month periods (before implementation of the MES: December 2013-February 2014; after implementation of the MES: December 2014-February 2015 and December 2015-February 2016).
Results
A total of 571 patients were admitted to the pulmonary department during the three observation periods. During this pilot study, the MES automatically issued 568 alarms for 415 admitted patients. There was no significant difference in the rate of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) before and after application of the MES. The mortality rate also did not change. However, it appeared that CPR was prevented in four patients admitted from the general ward to the intensive care unit (ICU) during MES implementation. The median length of hospital stay and median length of ICU stay were not significantly different before and after MES implementation.
Conclusions
Although we did not find a significant improvement in outcomes upon MES implementation, the CPR rate and mortality rate did not increase despite increased comorbidities. This was a small pilot study, and, based on these results, we believe that the MES may have significant effects in longer-term and larger-scale studies.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on Recognizing and Responding to Clinical Deterioration Outside the ICU: 2023
Kimia Honarmand, Randy S. Wax, Daleen Penoyer, Geoffery Lighthall, Valerie Danesh, Bram Rochwerg, Michael L. Cheatham, Daniel P. Davis, Michael DeVita, James Downar, Dana Edelson, Alison Fox-Robichaud, Shigeki Fujitani, Raeann M. Fuller, Helen Haskell, Ma
Critical Care Medicine.2024; 52(2): 314. CrossRef
Rapid response systems in Korea
Bo Young Lee, Sang-Bum Hong
Acute and Critical Care.2019; 34(2): 108. CrossRef

Basic science and research
Changes in Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Level in Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: Sang Hoon Lee, Byung Hoon Park, Joo Han Song, Song Yee Kim, Kyung Soo Chung, Eun Young Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Moo Suk Park; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2016;31(4):324-333. Published online November 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.00024

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Abstract PDF: Background
Despite many ongoing, prospective studies on the topic, sepsis still remains one of the main causes of death in hospital. The hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has a similar molecular structure to that of insulin. IGF-1 exerts anabolic effects and plays important roles in both normal physiology and pathologic processes. Previous studies have observed low serum IGF-1 level in patients with critical illnesses. Here, we evaluated changes in IGF-1 level based on survival of septic patients.
Methods
We evaluated 140 patients with sepsis and septic shock (21 with sepsis and 119 with septic shock) admitted to the intensive care unit of a university-affiliated hospital in Korea. Serum IGF-1 level was measured on days 0, 1, 3, and 7. Patients with liver disease were excluded from this study. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).
Results
Patients with septic shock had significantly lower serum IGF-1 level on days 1 and 3 than patients without septic shock (p = 0.002 and p = 0.007, respectively). Generally, there was a negative relationship between IGF-1 and serum cortisol levels; however, this relationship was only significant on day 3 (p = 0.029). Furthermore, renin showed significantly negative correlation with IGF-1 on day 3 (p = 0.038). IGF-1 level did not show significant difference between survivors and non-survivors.
Conclusions
Our results showed that IGF-1 was associated with septic shock, and that the IGF-1 axis is severely disrupted in septic patients. Additionally, serum cortisol and renin levels were associated with IGF-1 level.

Guideline

Pulmonary
Clinical Practice Guideline of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Young-Jae Cho, Jae Young Moon, Ein-Soon Shin, Je Hyeong Kim, Hoon Jung, So Young Park, Ho Cheol Kim, Yun Su Sim, Chin Kook Rhee, Jaemin Lim, Seok Jeong Lee, Won-Yeon Lee, Hyun Jeong Lee, Sang Hyun Kwak, Eun Kyeong Kang, Kyung Soo Chung, Won-Il Choi, The Korean Society of Critical Care Medicine and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Consensus Group; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2016;31(2):76-100. Published online May 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.31.2.76

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Abstract PDF

There is no well-stated practical guideline for mechanically ventilated patients with or without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We generate strong (1) and weak (2) grade of recommendations based on high (A), moderate (B) and low (C) grade in the quality of evidence. In patients with ARDS, we recommend low tidal volume ventilation (1A) and prone position if it is not contraindicated (1B) to reduce their mortality. However, we did not support high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (1B) and inhaled nitric oxide (1A) as a standard treatment. We also suggest high positive end-expiratory pressure (2B), extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a rescue therapy (2C), and neuromuscular blockage for 48 hours after starting mechanical ventilation (2B). The application of recruitment maneuver may reduce mortality (2B), however, the use of systemic steroids cannot reduce mortality (2B). In mechanically ventilated patients, we recommend light sedation (1B) and low tidal volume even without ARDS (1B) and suggest lung protective ventilation strategy during the operation to lower the incidence of lung complications including ARDS (2B). Early tracheostomy in mechanically ventilated patients can be performed only in limited patients (2A). In conclusion, of 12 recommendations, nine were in the management of ARDS, and three for mechanically ventilated patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between mechanical power and intensive care unit mortality in Korean patients under pressure-controlled ventilation
Jae Kyeom Sim, Sang-Min Lee, Hyung Koo Kang, Kyung Chan Kim, Young Sam Kim, Yun Seong Kim, Won-Yeon Lee, Sunghoon Park, So Young Park, Ju-Hee Park, Yun Su Sim, Kwangha Lee, Yeon Joo Lee, Jin Hwa Lee, Heung Bum Lee, Chae-Man Lim, Won-Il Choi, Ji Young Hong
Acute and Critical Care.2024; 39(1): 91. CrossRef
Predicting factors associated with prolonged intensive care unit stay of patients with COVID-19
Won Ho Han, Jae Hoon Lee, June Young Chun, Young Ju Choi, Youseok Kim, Mira Han, Jee Hee Kim
Acute and Critical Care.2023; 38(1): 41. CrossRef
Treatment of acute respiratory failure: invasive mechanical ventilation
Young Sam Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(3): 151. CrossRef
Treatment of acute respiratory failure: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Jin-Young Kim, Sang-Bum Hong
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(3): 157. CrossRef
Prolonged glucocorticoid treatment in acute respiratory distress syndrome – Authors' reply
Rob Mac Sweeney, Daniel F McAuley
The Lancet.2017; 389(10078): 1516. CrossRef
Prolonged Glucocorticoid Treatment in ARDS: Impact on Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness
Gianfranco Umberto Meduri, Andreas Schwingshackl, Greet Hermans
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2016;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Reports

Genetic
Lethal Hyperammonemia due to Ornithine Transcarbamylase Deficiency in a Patient with Severe Septic Shock: Ji An Hwang, Joo Han Song, Young Seok Lee, Kyung Soo Chung, Song Yee Kim, Eun Young Kim, Ji Ye Jung, Young Ae Kang, Young Sam Kim, Joon Chang, Moo Suk Park; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2016;31(2):140-145. Published online May 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2016.31.2.140

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Abstract PDF: Severe hyperammonemia can occur as a result of inherited or acquired liver enzyme defects in the urea cycle, among which ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common form. We report a very rare case of a 45-year-old Korean male who was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) due to severe septic shock with acute respiratory failure caused by Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia. During his ICU stay with ventilator care, the patient suffered from marked hyperammonemia (>1,700 μg/dL) with abrupt mental change leading to life-threatening cerebral edema. Despite every effort including continuous renal replacement therapy and use of a molecular adsorbent recirculating system (extracorporeal liver support–albumin dialysis) to lower his serum ammonia level, the patient was not recovered. The lethal hyperammonemia in the patient was later proven to be a manifestation of acquired liver enzyme defect known as OTCD, which is triggered by serious catabolic conditions, such as severe septic shock with acute respiratory failure.

Hematology/Pulmonary
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis after Lung Transplantation: Ah Young Leem, Sung Woo Moon, Song Yee Kim, Moo Suk Park, Young Sam Kim, Se Kyu Kim, Joon Chang, Hyo Chae Paik, June Won Cheong, Kyung Soo Chung; Korean J Crit Care Med. 2015;30(1):38-41. Published online February 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/kjccm.2015.30.1.38

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Abstract PDF: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare but fatal complication after solid organ transplantation. Acquired forms of HLH are described in association with severe sepsis, autoimmune disorders, malignancy, immune-compromised states, infections, and solid organ transplantation. We experienced a case of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis after bilateral lung transplantation. Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and hyperbilirubinemia were noted and became aggravated 50 days after transplantation. Diagnosis of HLH was based on clinical and laboratory findings of splenomegaly, cytopenia, elevated ferritin, elevated interleukin-2 receptor, and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow. Other features such as elevated bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase, and D-dimer which can be present in HLH were also noted. The patient was immediately treated with etoposide and dexamethasone. Despite aggressive therapy, the patient deteriorated and died. Awareness of the diagnostic criteria of HLH after lung transplantation is important for clinicians.

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