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Original Article
- Trauma
- Predictive value of elevated interleukin-33 levels for multi-organ dysfunction syndrome in trauma patients in South Korea: a prospective observational study
- Sanghyun An, In Sik Shin, Myoung Jun Kim, Da Kyung Kim, Md Habibur Rahman, Cheol-Su Kim, Kwangmin Kim
- Acute Crit Care. 2025;40(4):594-604. Published online November 28, 2025
- DOI: https://doi.org/10.4266/acc.002500
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Abstract
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Supplementary Material - Background
Multi-organ distress syndrome (MODS) causes morbidity in patients with trauma. This study evaluates the effectiveness of interleukin-33 (IL-33), which reflects tissue damage and the inflammatory response, as a MODS indicator in patients with trauma.
Methods
Patients with trauma admitted to our trauma center between July 2022 and July 2023 were included. IL-33 levels were measured in blood samples for 4 days. Correlations with clinical and laboratory indicators, including initial IL-33 levels, were analyzed to identify independent predictors of MODS.
Results
Among the 87 patients enrolled, 20 developed MODS. Initial IL-33 levels were elevated in the MODS group, compared with the non-MODS group. In the non-MODS group, IL-33 levels increased on day 1 and then declined, whereas in the MODS group, IL-33 levels were highest at admission (day 0) and decreased continuously through day 3. In patients with detectable initial IL-33 levels, the measured levels correlated with higher Abbreviated Injury Scale 5 scores and the Injury Severity Score (ISS). A logistic regression analysis revealed the ISS and delta neutrophil index as factors contributing to MODS progression.
Conclusions
The findings suggest that initial IL-33 levels are elevated in the MODS group, compared with non-MODS group, and exhibit a rapidly declining trend, showing an initial association with MODS that was not maintained in a multivariate analysis. These findings suggest that IL-33 might have relevance in assessing trauma severity; however, further validation is required before it can be considered a biomarker for MODS.
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